Cortical syndromes Flashcards
1
Q
What clinical features would be observed in frontal lobe lesions?
A
- Paralysis, hemiplegia
- Problems with sequencing
- Cognition (difficulty with focusing and problem solving)
- Broca’s/expressive aphasia
- Personality changes –> disinhibition, apathy, emotionally labile
2
Q
What clinical features would be observed in parietal lobe lesions?
A
- Homonymous hemianopia or lower homonymous quadrantanopia
- Hemispatial neglect (usually a right lesion causing a left visual defect)
- Hemisensory loss
- Aphasia, anomia
- Agraphia
- Apraxia
- Dyscalculia
- Perceptual/spatial problems
3
Q
What clinical features would be observed in temporal lobe lesions?
A
- Memory impairment
- Wernicke’s impairment (particularly if left hemisphere is damaged)
- Upper homonymous quadrantanopia
- Prosopagnosia
4
Q
What clinical features would be observed in occipital lobe lesions?
A
- Visual changes
- Field defects, including hemianopia or quadrantanopia with macular sparing
5
Q
In Broca’s aphasia, which vessel is usually compromised?
A
Superior division of left MCA
6
Q
How does Broca’s aphasia present?
A
Expressive, nonfluent speech
- short sentences without grammatical construction, but content of speech is appropriate and meaningful
- written, spoken language comprehension is intact
- self-monitoring speech (aware of deficit)
7
Q
In Wernicke’s aphasia, which vessel is usually compromised?
A
Inferior division of left MCA
8
Q
How does Wernicke’s aphasia present?
A
Receptive, fluent aphasia
- Speech is completely fluent, but content of speech is inappropriate and meaningless
- Impaired written, spoken language comprehension
- Unaware of speech errors
- Literal (phonemic) paraphrasia, verbal (semantic) paraphrasia, neologism, circumlocution, run-on speech
9
Q
What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
A
- Also called bitemporal lobe disorder
- Caused by bilateral lesions to the medial temporal lobe
- Affected structures: hippocampus, amygdala
10
Q
What are the causes of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
A
- Trauma/lobectomy
- HSV encephalitis
- Stroke
- Pick’s disease
- Alzheimer’s disease
11
Q
How does Kluver-Bucy syndrome present?
A
- Profound antero- and retrograde amnesia
- Inappropriate/compulsive eating
- Inappropriate object insertion into mouth
- Hypersexuality
- Visual agnosia
- Docility
