Cortical motor system: cortical features, white matter and pyramidal systems Flashcards
What neurons are abundant in the cortex
Pyramidal cells
Granular cells
What type of neuron is a pyramidal cell
Excitatory (glutamatergic)
Which cell is a major cortical output of the brain
Pyramidal cell
Difference in Soma between pyramidal cells and granular cells
Pyramidal cell soma is 10-50micrometers
granular cell soma is <10micrometres
What type of cell are Granular cells
GABAergic interneurons (they are inhibitory)
What are the types of Glial cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Role of astrocytes
Maintain homeostasis (sequestering K+ ions and glutamate)
End feet maintain BBB and contribute to blood flow regulation
Repair and scarring
Role of Microglia
Resident immune cells, fine processes during rest
Remified, amoeboid, mobile when activated
Produce enzymes and cytokines, capable of phagocytosis
Role of oligodendrocytes
Small cells whose processes form individual nodes of myelin around axons
Make up the white matter
How many layers has the cortex have
6
What is the first layer of the cortex and what does it contain
Molecular
Neurons, glial cells, apical dendrites
What is the second layer of the cortex and what does it contain
External granular
Small pyramidal, granular neurons
What is the 3rd layer of the cortex and what does ut contain
External pyramidal
Small and medium pyramidal cells and granular cells
What is the fourth layer of cortex and what does it contain
Internal granular
MOStly stellate neurons, but some pyramidal cells
What is the fifth layer of the cortex and what does it contain
Internal pyramidal
Large pyramidal neurons, apical and basically dendrites, projections neurons
