Anatomy and function of the pyramidal motor systems: cortical organisation Flashcards
Where is our primary somatosensory area
Postcentral gyrus (area 1-3)
note: it is behind the central gyrus
where is our primary motor area
Precentral gyrus (area 4)
Where is our somatosensory association areas
Supramarginal gyrus (area 5,7)
Where is the premotor area
Middle frontal gyrus
What are found in the superior temporal gyrus
Wernicke’s area (first language area)
Primary auditory area
Where is Broca’s area and what does it do
Inferior frontal gyrus (second language area)
Which area of the brain receives sensation
Primary somatosensory cortex (area 1-3)
Which area produces movement
motor cortex
which area organises movement
Premotor cortex
Which area of the brain plans movement
Prefrontal cortex
Which area of the brain receives from primary somatosensory cortex
Secondary somatosensory cortices
How is movement processed in rain
Primary somatosensory cortex receives sensation
Signals move anteriorly to motor Cortex which produces movement
The premotor cortex also tells the motor cortex what to do because it organises movement
Secondary somatosensory cortices process a lot of sensory information and send it anteriorly in the brain so other cortices of the brain take into account what’s happening before they instruct the motor cortex
Prefrontal cortex plans the movement and feeds back to motor cortex which produces movement
What is the sensory cortex and the motor cortex separated by
Central sulcus
How are the layers of the sensory cortex and the motor cortex different
Layers 4 and 5 are different
Layer 4 in sensory cortex is larger and contains a lot of granular cells which is receiving a lot of information. Layer 4 in motor cortex is small
Layer 5 is small in the sensory cortex and large in the motor Cortex and has a lot of pyramidal cells which project to other areas of brain and take movement information elsewhere
What are the regions in the brain that play a role in movement
Prefrontal cortex Premotor Primary motor Primary somatosensory Secondary somatosensories
How is the brain organised
Higher areas of the brain are filled with legs, then goes down to arms, face, tongue etc. It is organised somatotopically in an inverted fashion
What is aphasia
Disruption of language and/or speech
What is Broca’s aphasia
Failure to formulate language
What is Wernicke’s aphasia
Failure to comprehend language
What re the two well known language centres in the brain
Wernicke’s (interprets spoken word)
Broca’s (produces speech)
How is language processed and spoken within brain
auditory signals arrive in primary auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area interprets what’s said and sends signals to Broca’s area which produces speech. This then goes directly to motor cortex which sends signals to spinal cord
Where does the somatosensory system receive information from
Numerous body parts- skin, muscle, tendons, ligaments and connective tissue
What are the stimuli that are able to be detected by the somatosensory system
Touch, brush, tickle, temperature, pain
Able to discriminate
What is nociception
Perception of pain
Neural process (mechanism) = C fibre activation
-COmponent of pain but is not the same thing
What is nociceptive stimuli
Mechanisms of the pain pathways being activated and not the emotional experience associated with it
What happens if you get close to a nociceptive stimuli
Message goes up to the brain, reflex response from the spinal cord
=move away from stimulus
=essential for survival
What do sensory respiratory receptors exhibit
Selectivity- to be Able to discriminate between different stimuli
