Correlation Course Day 1 Flashcards
The assemblage of albite, chlorite, actinolite, and calcite would be most characteristic of the
greenschist facies
___________ is now used as an industrial substitute for asbestos.
Wollastonite
A well fully penetrates a confined aquifer and has a drawdown of 27 feet. The theoretical drawdown calculated from a distance-drawdown curve is 18 feet. What is the well efficiency?
67%
A braided stream usually indicates that the stream:
has greater load than capacity
Which deposit is most closely associated with rare earths?
a fissure vein of gold-quartz
The in-place granular disintegration product of granite is called:
grus
Interpretation of stereo-paired aerial photographs is NOT helpful when evaluating a site for:
a. high ground water conditions
b. landslide hazards
c. potential groundwater contaminant sources
d. contaminant plume migration in a confined aquifer
d. contaminant plume migration in a confined aquifer
Which of the following instrument types is NOT appropriate for measuring differential movement across a landslide slip surface?
a. linear variable differential transformers
b. load cells
c. extensometer
d. inclinometer
d. inclinometer
In an unconfined aquifer what would the specific yield be if the porosity was 0.3 and the effective porosity was 0.18?
0.18
Given 0.65 ft^3 of a soil sample weighing 36.2 lbs, with a moisture content of 15% what is the dry density of the soil?
a. 64.0 lbs/ft^3
b. 48.4 lbs/ft^3
c. 47.3 lbs/ft^3
d. 30.77 lbs/ft^3
What geophysical technique would you use to investigate a skarn?
magnetics
Caves found within limestone result from:
slowly circulating water below the water table
plagioclase,quarz,biotite, hornblende would most likely be found in a;
dacite
what are oscillatory waves in inland bodies of water called?
seiches
convergent plate margins are characetrized by
melanges of feldspathic sandstone, siltstone and shale
sphalerite, willemite, and smithsonite are all;
zinc ores
Given a bed with an orientation of N65 degrees W, 25 degrees S, what is the corresponding atttitude?
25 degrees , S25 degrees W
A soil material with a porosity of 50% would
be classified as CL
As defined by Richter on a Wood-Anderson seismograph, what is the difference in amplitude between a magnitude 6 and 8 earthquake?
100
what would NOT be the expected origin of a mercury deposit?
a. epithermal
b. elastic sedimentation
c. weathering
d. volcanogenic
c. weathering
What type of water has never been circulated in the hydrologic cycle?
a. connate
b. fossil
c. confined
d. juvenile
d. juvenile
Which of the following is NOT true of a sedimentary facies?
a. mineralogy, grain size and color can vary laterally
b. lithofacies and biofacies are two aspects of sedimentary facies that may not result in the same classification
c. fossil remnants will be consistent throughout the facies
d. the subdivision of a sedimentary unit can be based on the biofacies without concern for the lithology
c. fossil remnants will be consistent throughout the facies
Settlement calculations are based on data obtained from which of these laboratory test?
a. direct shear
b. permeability
c. consolidation
d. compaction
c. consolidation
Name three main physical properties of rocks which are logged by wirelines
electrical, nuclear, acoustic
the inverse order of evaporite deposition is:
sylvite, halite, anhydrite, calcite
What is the most common of all factors leading to slope instability?
removal of lateral support
ground-penetrating radar is useful for determining;
locations of buried objects
contamination of ground water from nonhazardous landfill operations can:
a. be controlled by lining the base of the landfill with a material with permeability <10^-6 cm/sec
b. be reduced by locating a landfill substantially above the water table
c. result from downward migration of leachate
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
two isotopes often used for age dating ground water are:
tritium and carbon
storage coefficient or storativity in an unconfined aquifer is equal to
specific yield
you need to represent the information you obtained during a field investigation of a site that is one square mile, that included mapping of your site as well as subsurface exploration results. What do you need to do to the base map at a scale of 1:15,000 to make it to work?
use a large scale map because it covers a smaller area
soft sediments are best sampled with a _ to obtain undisturbed samples
shelby tube
which of the following is NOT typical of glacial deposits?
a. unstratified, unsorted, heterogenous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders
b. elongated ellipsoidal hillsides
c. a pile of rocks at the base of a steep slope
d. stratified serpentine shaped deposits
c. a pile of rocks at the base of a steep slope
Each magnitude releases how much more energy than the previous magnitude?
32
which geophysical technique would NOT be used to investigate a massive sulfide ore body?
a. seismic refraction
b. gravity
c. induced polarization
d. resistivity
a. seismic refraction
what does a slug test measure?
localized values of permeability
which trap is not exclusively as a stratigraphic trap for petroleum?
a. pinchout
b. solution cavities
c. diping homocline
d. shoestring sand
c. diping homocline
when is gravel pack used?
when there are fine-grained sediments
which of the following contributes to reduced shear strength in a potentially unstable slope?
a. removal of underlying suport
b. disturbance of sensitive materials
c. surcharging
d. lateral pressure
b. disturbance of sensitive materials
groundwater that flows through different pores at different rates and flow paths that vary in lengths caused by:
dispersion
large smooth elongated windblown deposits that extend parallel to the prevailing wind are known as:
whalebacks
according to Bowen’s reaction series with decreasing temperature :
olivine is the first mineral to crystallize
a long narrow sinuous ridge of somewhat stratified sand and gravel of glacial origin is known as:
an esker
which mineral family produces the most clay minerals during weathering processes?
feldspar
a tunel like structure created by a burowing animal and filled with soil material from another horizone is called a:
krotovina
which of the following would cause the greatest health hazard?
a. 0.0005 mg/l Cadmium
b. 0.001 mg/l Lead
c. 8 mg/l Nitrate
d. 0.18 mg/l Chromium
d. 0.18 mg/l Chromium
the most reliable source of elevation on a topographic map is:
a benchmark
what would be the expected sequence of rock units from oldest to youngest for a transgressive sequence?
a. shale, sandstone, limestone
b. shale, limestone, sandstone
c. limestone, shale, limestone
d. sandstone, shale, limestone
d. sandstone, shale, limestone
in which soil horizone would you find hardpan?
horizon B
when you have a situation where a high exit gradient is predicted at the downstream base of a dam, what could be done to the dam design to reduce exit gradient?
a. lengthen the flow path
b. install a drain
c. drawdown the reservoir
to determine the fault slip most accurately, you could use which of the following?
a. the horizontal distance between any two parts of a disrupted bed
b. the offset noted in a cross section drawn perpendicular to strike of the bed
c. the offset noted in a cross section drawn in the fault plane
d. the vertical distance between any two parts of an offset bed
c. the offset noted in a cross section drawn in the fault plane
given the following definition: the dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct application of graviational body stresses. the debris moved is not carried within, on, or under another medium. the properties of the material being supported depend on the interaction of the soil and rock particles and on the moisture content. What term is being defined?
mass wasting
if you create a cross section at a scale of 1” = 2000’ from a 1:24,000 scale map, what is the exaggeration?
1x
Trilobites are found in which of the following?
a. cretaceous marine deposits
b. cambrian marine deposits
c. cambrian nonmarine deposits
d. all of the above
b. cambrian marine deposits
kettle lakes are caused by
melted ice blocks that were left after the glacier retreated
a stratigraphic sequence that is composed, from the bottom of the column up, of limestone, gypsum, and halite would indicate what type of environment?
dry tropical
in a fluvial environment deposition of the bed load is dependent on:
the velocity of the water and the size of the grains
under what environmental conditions would you expect to find the thickest vadose zone?
desert
which of the following associations is incorrect?
a. bauxite, aluminum, residual deposit in tropical environments
b. evaporite, gypsum-anhydrite, found in fault block depressions in an arid environment
c. epithermal deposits, gold, may also be found in placer deposits
d. sedimentary deposits, coal, lacustrine deposits
d. sedimentary deposits, coal, lacustrine deposits
Barchan dunes are characterized by:
a crescent shape with tails to leeward rarely vegetated
which of the following characteristics describes the nature of the S wave generated by an earthquake?
a. can travel through a liquid
b. travels slower than the P wave and shears the rock at right angles to the travel direction
c. travels like a sound wave with compressions and dilations
d. as these waves emerge at the surface they can be transmitted as sound waves
b. travels slower than the P wave and shears the rock at right angles to the travel direction
in a meandering stream one would expect to find shape of the cross section of the bottom of the channel
an asymmetrical U-shape with a gentler slope on the inside of the curve
if you drilled a vertical borehole, which of the following you expect to find where you have nearly horizontal beds that are offset by a thrust fault?
a. repetition of beds with depth
b. missing beds
c. the stratigraphic sequence would be intact at depth
d. subsurface evidence of fault movement would not be present
a. repetition of beds with depth
which geologic law explains the relative ages of rocks with respect to one another in a map or cross section in which all the geologic units are roughly parallel and are not overturned?
law of superposition
what are the 2 most important factors that contribute to the ability of an organism to be included in the fossil record?
rapid burial, hard body parts
A fenster is
an eroded area of a thrust sheet that exposes younger rocks beneath the thrust
How does the thikckness of the aquifer affect the storage?
the thicker the aquifer, the greater the storage
A sandstone in contact with a limestone has inclusions of the limestone within its basal portion. Which is older?
limestone is older and there is an unconformity between the 2 units
in a regressive sequence followed by the development of a delta one would expect the sequence in order of oldest to youngest to be:
limestone, shale and sandstone overlain by sand clay and marsh deposits
the surface exposure of weathered sulfide deposits that has a distinctive color of the soil at the surface is called:
gossan
what type of economic deposits would you expect to find at a convergent tectonic boundary?
porphyry and skarn lead, zinc, and silver
Given the following minerals: Bastnaesite, Didymium, Loparite, and Monazite, what elements are you looking for?
REE
Regolith encompasses which part of the surface of the Earth?
Soil horizons O, A, and B
What geomorphic process would result in the development of elliptical ponds, hummocky terrain, and springs?
Karst
A clay whose shear strength is decreased to a fraction of its former value by remolding is called:
a sensitive soil
in a stratigraphic section that has, from the bottom up, cross bedded sandstone, ripple-marked sandstone, claystone, and siltstone interbedded with thin sand lenses, the probable depositional environment was:
a dune to lagoon transition
would a decrease of cohesion within the soil materials on a moderately steep slope due to an increase in pore pressure increase or decrease the internal friction and what would be the impact of this on the factor of safety?
it would decrease the coefficient of friction and reduce the factor of safetly
what is the name of the process through which wood comes lithified?
diagenesis
What would be the best way to establish the depth to the contract between two soil materials with similar drilling characteristics?
watch cuttings and drilling fluids
you are investigating a site in which the aquifer water is contaminated at depths of 200 to 300 feet. what drilling method would result in the best quality groundwater data if expense is not a concern?
cable tool
Lab analyses of a soil reveal that 75% of soil is smaller than the No.4 sieve, 61% passes through the No. 200 sieve, the liquid limit is 62, and the dry strength and toughness are high. what would be the likely origin of this material?
lake bed deposits
what mining method would be the most appropriate for a disseminated ore that is in relatively weak and fractured rock?
block caving
During the development of a soil you get 4 distinct layers in the soil profile, the surface O horizon where the organic materials have accumulated, the A horizon or near surface horizon, the B horizon or subsoil where the roots of the plant matter have penetrated, and the C horizon or substratum which is directly above the bed rock. What would it mean if there were two O horizons present in the soil profile?
there has been burial by mass wasting
searching for path finder elements using geochemical exploration methods is helpful because:
a. they can be more easily found because they form a broader halo
b. they are more readily detected by analytical methods
c. they are found in close association with the ore element
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
for a strike and dip of N25 degrees West, 15 degrees South, what is the attitude of the bed in terms of the azimuth?
155, 15
you are planning the tunnel alignment for a subway project in a major metropolitan area where there are several active faults. what would be the best orientation of the tunnel when it intersects the fault?
perpendicular to the fault
in what type of environment would you expect to find deposits of gold, premium, gold, platinum, and titanium?
placer deposits
the best photographs for the investigation of a 400-foot wide landslide in an urban environment are:
stereo-paired photos at a scale of 1” = 1000’
RQD is determined by
taking the total length of NX core pieces >4”/total length drilled
Horizontal drains are appropriate for:
stabilization of a hillslope
the geologic hazard which could cause catastrophic damage to low-density residential development built to current building?
debris flows
what signal is the most important for seismic refraction profiles?
the first arrival at each geophone
when drilling through a series of soil materials with dissimilar drilling characteristics the best way to determine the precise depth of a lithologic change is to:
observe drill rig noises or other actions
the process of mixing a contaminant and ground water so that the contaminant is diluted is called:
dispersion
which of the following minerals is the least stable during the chemical weathering process in a temperate climate?
a. quartz
b. clay minerals
c. fe oxides
d. olivine
d. olivine
which of the following geophysical logs allows the direct measurement of porosity?
a. gamma-gamma
b. neutron
c. none
d. resistivity
c. none
what is the purpose of the atterberg limit test?
- to determine the plastic limit
- determine the liquid limit
- determine the plasticity index
using darcy’s law, what would be the flow if the change in head is 5 feet over a length of 1000 feet, the hydraulic conductivity is 100 gpd/ft^3, and the cross sectional area is 232 ft^2
116 gpd
young’s modulus is also known as
modulus of elasticity
a confining layer is
a unit with littler or no intrinsic permeability
