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Day 1: Board Exam > Correlation Course Day 1 > Flashcards

Correlation Course Day 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The assemblage of albite, chlorite, actinolite, and calcite would be most characteristic of the

A

greenschist facies

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2
Q

___________ is now used as an industrial substitute for asbestos.

A

Wollastonite

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3
Q

A well fully penetrates a confined aquifer and has a drawdown of 27 feet. The theoretical drawdown calculated from a distance-drawdown curve is 18 feet. What is the well efficiency?

A

67%

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4
Q

A braided stream usually indicates that the stream:

A

has greater load than capacity

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5
Q

Which deposit is most closely associated with rare earths?

A

a fissure vein of gold-quartz

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6
Q

The in-place granular disintegration product of granite is called:

A

grus

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7
Q

Interpretation of stereo-paired aerial photographs is NOT helpful when evaluating a site for:

a. high ground water conditions
b. landslide hazards
c. potential groundwater contaminant sources
d. contaminant plume migration in a confined aquifer

A

d. contaminant plume migration in a confined aquifer

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8
Q

Which of the following instrument types is NOT appropriate for measuring differential movement across a landslide slip surface?

a. linear variable differential transformers
b. load cells
c. extensometer
d. inclinometer

A

d. inclinometer

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9
Q

In an unconfined aquifer what would the specific yield be if the porosity was 0.3 and the effective porosity was 0.18?

A

0.18

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10
Q

Given 0.65 ft^3 of a soil sample weighing 36.2 lbs, with a moisture content of 15% what is the dry density of the soil?

a. 64.0 lbs/ft^3
b. 48.4 lbs/ft^3
c. 47.3 lbs/ft^3
d. 30.77 lbs/ft^3

A
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11
Q

What geophysical technique would you use to investigate a skarn?

A

magnetics

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12
Q

Caves found within limestone result from:

A

slowly circulating water below the water table

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13
Q

plagioclase,quarz,biotite, hornblende would most likely be found in a;

A

dacite

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14
Q

what are oscillatory waves in inland bodies of water called?

A

seiches

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15
Q

convergent plate margins are characetrized by

A

melanges of feldspathic sandstone, siltstone and shale

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16
Q

sphalerite, willemite, and smithsonite are all;

A

zinc ores

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17
Q

Given a bed with an orientation of N65 degrees W, 25 degrees S, what is the corresponding atttitude?

A

25 degrees , S25 degrees W

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18
Q

A soil material with a porosity of 50% would

A

be classified as CL

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19
Q

As defined by Richter on a Wood-Anderson seismograph, what is the difference in amplitude between a magnitude 6 and 8 earthquake?

A

100

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20
Q

what would NOT be the expected origin of a mercury deposit?

a. epithermal
b. elastic sedimentation
c. weathering
d. volcanogenic

A

c. weathering

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21
Q

What type of water has never been circulated in the hydrologic cycle?

a. connate
b. fossil
c. confined
d. juvenile

A

d. juvenile

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of a sedimentary facies?

a. mineralogy, grain size and color can vary laterally
b. lithofacies and biofacies are two aspects of sedimentary facies that may not result in the same classification
c. fossil remnants will be consistent throughout the facies
d. the subdivision of a sedimentary unit can be based on the biofacies without concern for the lithology

A

c. fossil remnants will be consistent throughout the facies

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23
Q

Settlement calculations are based on data obtained from which of these laboratory test?

a. direct shear
b. permeability
c. consolidation
d. compaction

A

c. consolidation

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24
Q

Name three main physical properties of rocks which are logged by wirelines

A

electrical, nuclear, acoustic

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25
Q

the inverse order of evaporite deposition is:

A

sylvite, halite, anhydrite, calcite

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26
Q

What is the most common of all factors leading to slope instability?

A

removal of lateral support

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27
Q

ground-penetrating radar is useful for determining;

A

locations of buried objects

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28
Q

contamination of ground water from nonhazardous landfill operations can:

a. be controlled by lining the base of the landfill with a material with permeability <10^-6 cm/sec
b. be reduced by locating a landfill substantially above the water table
c. result from downward migration of leachate
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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29
Q

two isotopes often used for age dating ground water are:

A

tritium and carbon

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30
Q

storage coefficient or storativity in an unconfined aquifer is equal to

A

specific yield

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31
Q

you need to represent the information you obtained during a field investigation of a site that is one square mile, that included mapping of your site as well as subsurface exploration results. What do you need to do to the base map at a scale of 1:15,000 to make it to work?

A

use a large scale map because it covers a smaller area

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32
Q

soft sediments are best sampled with a _ to obtain undisturbed samples

A

shelby tube

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33
Q

which of the following is NOT typical of glacial deposits?

a. unstratified, unsorted, heterogenous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders
b. elongated ellipsoidal hillsides
c. a pile of rocks at the base of a steep slope
d. stratified serpentine shaped deposits

A

c. a pile of rocks at the base of a steep slope

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34
Q

Each magnitude releases how much more energy than the previous magnitude?

A

32

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35
Q

which geophysical technique would NOT be used to investigate a massive sulfide ore body?

a. seismic refraction
b. gravity
c. induced polarization
d. resistivity

A

a. seismic refraction

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36
Q

what does a slug test measure?

A

localized values of permeability

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37
Q

which trap is not exclusively as a stratigraphic trap for petroleum?

a. pinchout
b. solution cavities
c. diping homocline
d. shoestring sand

A

c. diping homocline

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38
Q

when is gravel pack used?

A

when there are fine-grained sediments

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39
Q

which of the following contributes to reduced shear strength in a potentially unstable slope?

a. removal of underlying suport
b. disturbance of sensitive materials
c. surcharging
d. lateral pressure

A

b. disturbance of sensitive materials

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40
Q

groundwater that flows through different pores at different rates and flow paths that vary in lengths caused by:

A

dispersion

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41
Q

large smooth elongated windblown deposits that extend parallel to the prevailing wind are known as:

A

whalebacks

42
Q

according to Bowen’s reaction series with decreasing temperature :

A

olivine is the first mineral to crystallize

43
Q

a long narrow sinuous ridge of somewhat stratified sand and gravel of glacial origin is known as:

A

an esker

44
Q

which mineral family produces the most clay minerals during weathering processes?

A

feldspar

45
Q

a tunel like structure created by a burowing animal and filled with soil material from another horizone is called a:

A

krotovina

46
Q

which of the following would cause the greatest health hazard?

a. 0.0005 mg/l Cadmium
b. 0.001 mg/l Lead
c. 8 mg/l Nitrate
d. 0.18 mg/l Chromium

A

d. 0.18 mg/l Chromium

47
Q

the most reliable source of elevation on a topographic map is:

A

a benchmark

48
Q

what would be the expected sequence of rock units from oldest to youngest for a transgressive sequence?

a. shale, sandstone, limestone
b. shale, limestone, sandstone
c. limestone, shale, limestone
d. sandstone, shale, limestone

A

d. sandstone, shale, limestone

49
Q

in which soil horizone would you find hardpan?

A

horizon B

50
Q

when you have a situation where a high exit gradient is predicted at the downstream base of a dam, what could be done to the dam design to reduce exit gradient?

A

a. lengthen the flow path
b. install a drain
c. drawdown the reservoir

51
Q

to determine the fault slip most accurately, you could use which of the following?

a. the horizontal distance between any two parts of a disrupted bed
b. the offset noted in a cross section drawn perpendicular to strike of the bed
c. the offset noted in a cross section drawn in the fault plane
d. the vertical distance between any two parts of an offset bed

A

c. the offset noted in a cross section drawn in the fault plane

52
Q

given the following definition: the dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct application of graviational body stresses. the debris moved is not carried within, on, or under another medium. the properties of the material being supported depend on the interaction of the soil and rock particles and on the moisture content. What term is being defined?

A

mass wasting

53
Q

if you create a cross section at a scale of 1” = 2000’ from a 1:24,000 scale map, what is the exaggeration?

A

1x

54
Q

Trilobites are found in which of the following?

a. cretaceous marine deposits
b. cambrian marine deposits
c. cambrian nonmarine deposits
d. all of the above

A

b. cambrian marine deposits

55
Q

kettle lakes are caused by

A

melted ice blocks that were left after the glacier retreated

56
Q

a stratigraphic sequence that is composed, from the bottom of the column up, of limestone, gypsum, and halite would indicate what type of environment?

A

dry tropical

57
Q

in a fluvial environment deposition of the bed load is dependent on:

A

the velocity of the water and the size of the grains

58
Q

under what environmental conditions would you expect to find the thickest vadose zone?

A

desert

59
Q

which of the following associations is incorrect?

a. bauxite, aluminum, residual deposit in tropical environments
b. evaporite, gypsum-anhydrite, found in fault block depressions in an arid environment
c. epithermal deposits, gold, may also be found in placer deposits
d. sedimentary deposits, coal, lacustrine deposits

A

d. sedimentary deposits, coal, lacustrine deposits

60
Q

Barchan dunes are characterized by:

A

a crescent shape with tails to leeward rarely vegetated

61
Q

which of the following characteristics describes the nature of the S wave generated by an earthquake?

a. can travel through a liquid
b. travels slower than the P wave and shears the rock at right angles to the travel direction
c. travels like a sound wave with compressions and dilations
d. as these waves emerge at the surface they can be transmitted as sound waves

A

b. travels slower than the P wave and shears the rock at right angles to the travel direction

62
Q

in a meandering stream one would expect to find shape of the cross section of the bottom of the channel

A

an asymmetrical U-shape with a gentler slope on the inside of the curve

63
Q

if you drilled a vertical borehole, which of the following you expect to find where you have nearly horizontal beds that are offset by a thrust fault?

a. repetition of beds with depth
b. missing beds
c. the stratigraphic sequence would be intact at depth
d. subsurface evidence of fault movement would not be present

A

a. repetition of beds with depth

64
Q

which geologic law explains the relative ages of rocks with respect to one another in a map or cross section in which all the geologic units are roughly parallel and are not overturned?

A

law of superposition

65
Q

what are the 2 most important factors that contribute to the ability of an organism to be included in the fossil record?

A

rapid burial, hard body parts

66
Q

A fenster is

A

an eroded area of a thrust sheet that exposes younger rocks beneath the thrust

67
Q

How does the thikckness of the aquifer affect the storage?

A

the thicker the aquifer, the greater the storage

68
Q

A sandstone in contact with a limestone has inclusions of the limestone within its basal portion. Which is older?

A

limestone is older and there is an unconformity between the 2 units

69
Q

in a regressive sequence followed by the development of a delta one would expect the sequence in order of oldest to youngest to be:

A

limestone, shale and sandstone overlain by sand clay and marsh deposits

70
Q

the surface exposure of weathered sulfide deposits that has a distinctive color of the soil at the surface is called:

A

gossan

71
Q

what type of economic deposits would you expect to find at a convergent tectonic boundary?

A

porphyry and skarn lead, zinc, and silver

72
Q

Given the following minerals: Bastnaesite, Didymium, Loparite, and Monazite, what elements are you looking for?

A

REE

73
Q

Regolith encompasses which part of the surface of the Earth?

A

Soil horizons O, A, and B

74
Q

What geomorphic process would result in the development of elliptical ponds, hummocky terrain, and springs?

A

Karst

75
Q

A clay whose shear strength is decreased to a fraction of its former value by remolding is called:

A

a sensitive soil

76
Q

in a stratigraphic section that has, from the bottom up, cross bedded sandstone, ripple-marked sandstone, claystone, and siltstone interbedded with thin sand lenses, the probable depositional environment was:

A

a dune to lagoon transition

77
Q

would a decrease of cohesion within the soil materials on a moderately steep slope due to an increase in pore pressure increase or decrease the internal friction and what would be the impact of this on the factor of safety?

A

it would decrease the coefficient of friction and reduce the factor of safetly

78
Q

what is the name of the process through which wood comes lithified?

A

diagenesis

79
Q

What would be the best way to establish the depth to the contract between two soil materials with similar drilling characteristics?

A

watch cuttings and drilling fluids

80
Q

you are investigating a site in which the aquifer water is contaminated at depths of 200 to 300 feet. what drilling method would result in the best quality groundwater data if expense is not a concern?

A

cable tool

81
Q

Lab analyses of a soil reveal that 75% of soil is smaller than the No.4 sieve, 61% passes through the No. 200 sieve, the liquid limit is 62, and the dry strength and toughness are high. what would be the likely origin of this material?

A

lake bed deposits

82
Q

what mining method would be the most appropriate for a disseminated ore that is in relatively weak and fractured rock?

A

block caving

83
Q

During the development of a soil you get 4 distinct layers in the soil profile, the surface O horizon where the organic materials have accumulated, the A horizon or near surface horizon, the B horizon or subsoil where the roots of the plant matter have penetrated, and the C horizon or substratum which is directly above the bed rock. What would it mean if there were two O horizons present in the soil profile?

A

there has been burial by mass wasting

84
Q

searching for path finder elements using geochemical exploration methods is helpful because:

a. they can be more easily found because they form a broader halo
b. they are more readily detected by analytical methods
c. they are found in close association with the ore element
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

85
Q

for a strike and dip of N25 degrees West, 15 degrees South, what is the attitude of the bed in terms of the azimuth?

A

155, 15

86
Q

you are planning the tunnel alignment for a subway project in a major metropolitan area where there are several active faults. what would be the best orientation of the tunnel when it intersects the fault?

A

perpendicular to the fault

87
Q

in what type of environment would you expect to find deposits of gold, premium, gold, platinum, and titanium?

A

placer deposits

88
Q

the best photographs for the investigation of a 400-foot wide landslide in an urban environment are:

A

stereo-paired photos at a scale of 1” = 1000’

89
Q

RQD is determined by

A

taking the total length of NX core pieces >4”/total length drilled

90
Q

Horizontal drains are appropriate for:

A

stabilization of a hillslope

91
Q

the geologic hazard which could cause catastrophic damage to low-density residential development built to current building?

A

debris flows

92
Q

what signal is the most important for seismic refraction profiles?

A

the first arrival at each geophone

93
Q

when drilling through a series of soil materials with dissimilar drilling characteristics the best way to determine the precise depth of a lithologic change is to:

A

observe drill rig noises or other actions

94
Q

the process of mixing a contaminant and ground water so that the contaminant is diluted is called:

A

dispersion

95
Q

which of the following minerals is the least stable during the chemical weathering process in a temperate climate?

a. quartz
b. clay minerals
c. fe oxides
d. olivine

A

d. olivine

96
Q

which of the following geophysical logs allows the direct measurement of porosity?

a. gamma-gamma
b. neutron
c. none
d. resistivity

A

c. none

97
Q

what is the purpose of the atterberg limit test?

A
  • to determine the plastic limit
  • determine the liquid limit
  • determine the plasticity index
98
Q

using darcy’s law, what would be the flow if the change in head is 5 feet over a length of 1000 feet, the hydraulic conductivity is 100 gpd/ft^3, and the cross sectional area is 232 ft^2

A

116 gpd

99
Q

young’s modulus is also known as

A

modulus of elasticity

100
Q

a confining layer is

A

a unit with littler or no intrinsic permeability

Day 1: Board Exam (16 decks)

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