correct answers 2 Flashcards
(t/f) the Neanderthals’ disappearance after 30,000 BP likely was a result of their extinction
false
the group of archaic mammals that lived during the Paleocene epoch and are likely very closely related to the earliest primates are
plesiadapiforms
(t/f) the use of tools by hominins at around 2.5 mya allowed for better exploitation of a larger range of food
true
the first logical step in a sequence of events that leads to the discovery and analysis of primate fossils is the
selection and surveying of potential sites
the Laetoli site, in Tanzania, is most famous for
fossilized hominin foot prints
what do Neanderthals’ cold-adapted traits include
a wide nasal aperture
according to the text, the first hominin to migrate out of Africa was
Homo erectus
(t/f) it is now a desert, but 30 mya the Fayum region of Egypt was a wet tropical forest
true
(t/f) Homo erectus had longer legs than those of earlier hominins
true
the significance of the child’s skeleton from Lagar Velho, Portugal, is that it
shows Neanderthal and modern human features
which modern human population exhibits the greatest genetic diversity today
sub-Saharan Africa
based on the existing fossil record and the genetics of living primates, the most likely place of origin for new world monkeys is
Africa
(t/f) the punctured equilibrium theory of evolutionary changes suggests that changes accumulate gradually and predicts that many transitional fossil forms will be found
false
each of the follow traits is found in bipedal hominin EXCEPT
a foramen magnum far back on the skull
(t/f) bipedal locomotion preceded the appearance of large brains during the course of hominin evolution
true
what traits do modern humans have
a high vertical forehead, a round and tall skull, and small browridges
what is the study of what happens to an organism’s remains after death
taphonomy
which of the following hominins had a brain significantly larger than a chimpanzee’s
Homo erectus
if fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil species B, that A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of
superposition
(t/f) Homo habilis likely spent appreciable time in the trees
false
Eugène Dubois found fossils of this species in Southeast Asia (Java)
Homo erectus
which of the following statements is FALSE
Neanderthals brains were notably smaller than those of modern humans
sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. what is a likely cause of this?
the accumulations of genetic mutations over time
recent paleoenvironmental reconstructions suggest that the earliest members of the hominin lineage evolved in
woodlands along both rivers and lakes
which of the following shows the first evidence of modern human traits, including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture
Homo habilis
The fossil nicknamed “Lucy” is a member of which species
Australopithecus afarensis
fossil primates have NOT been recovered from which continent
Australia
(t/f) genetic evidence supports that Denisova fossils interbred with Homo erectus
false
Homo rudolfensis is most similar in overall morphology to
Homo habilis
(t/f) the oldest recognizable artifacts are simple stone tools dating back to about 2.5 mya and are referred to Oldowan tools
true
which of the following is NOT considered a robust australiopithecine
Australopithecus anamensis
(t/f) in African during the Plio-Pleistocene, there was an adaptive radiation of small-bodied, bipedal hominins
true
Evidence of tool use by Homo habilis includes
all of these
fossil remains of archaic Homo sapiens
show a mixture of Homo erectus and H. sapiens traits
what do the stone tool marks on the Bodo cranium indicate
the removal of flesh from the skull by tool-using hominins, either as a ritual or as some form of cannibalism
during the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate
apes
modern human traits including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture first show up in
Homo habilis
Which model of modern human origins would predict the likely discovery of modern/archaic hybrid fossila
Assimilation because following migration out of Africa, moderns interbreed somewhat with local archaics
australopithecines and Homo habilis were similar to each other in what way
overall body plan and body size
according to the out-of-Africa model, the transition from archaic to modern Homo sapiens
occurred only once, in Africa
relative to australopithecines, Homo habilis is characterized by
all of these (a bigger brain, a rounder and larger skull, and a smaller face}
biostratigraphic dating relies on
the first and last appearances of species in the fossil record
a fossil primate with legs and arms of equal length would most likely have gotten around using which form of locomotion
quadrupedalism
(t/f) archaic Homo sapiens display several primitive features found in geologically older hominins
true
fossil evidence for the earliest members of the genus Homo have been found from
2.5-1.8 mya
the earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record around
4 mya
(t/f) given the combination of ape-like and hominin-like anatomies, Sahelanthropus tchandensis it could very well show us what the last common ancestor of humans and African apes looked like
true
in examining the bones of AL-288 (“Lucy”), which trait would you NOT expect to find
long legs
one of the only fossil sites in the world that preserves a great deal of evidence for anthropoid evolution during the Oligocene epochs is
Fayum, Egypt
Some australopithecines are referred to as “robust” because
they possessed very large molar teeth and chewing muscles
(t/f) all the early hominins from Africa older than 2.5 mya possessed small brains, the size of apes
true
(t/f) fossil remains of the pre-australopithecines are found throughout most of the old world, from African to east Asia
false
Australopithecus robustus’s large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate and adaptation to
eating foods requiring heavy chewing
if you traveled back in time to Africa about 27 mya and came across a group of early ape Proconsul feeding in a tree, what wold you NOT expect to see them doing
hanging by their tail
the molecular clock has been useful to determine the phylogenetic relationships of species based on what assumption
a species lineage accumulates genetic differences over time at a constant rate
Owen Lovejoy’s model for the origin of bipedalism focuses on
males provisioning females and young
classic Homo erectus cranial features include all of the following EXCEPT
rounded skull
specimens of _____ have been discovered at the following sites: Broken Hill, Petralona, Steinheim, Argo, and Atapuerce
archaic Homo sapiens
