correct answers 1 Flashcards
Structural similarities observed among related species, populations or individuals due to inheritance from a common ancestor are called
homologies
when Mendel crossed peas with Rr and Rr alleles, the chances of getting and rr offspring was
25%
Lamarck proposed an erroneous evolutionary mechanism known today as
inheritance of acquired charateristics
At a hypothetical locus, a man’s genotype is Aa. What proportion of his gamete would be expected to receive the A allele?
1/2
Recessive alleles will be expressed if they are interited
from both parents
the only possible source of new genetic material is
mutation
the english demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced Darwin’s
thomas malthus
different versions, or subunits, of the same gene
alleles
Primates are a group of mammals that have
fingernails and forward-facing eyes
Darwin’s theory of evolution drew from all the follow scientific disciplines EXCEPT
genetics
which if the evolutionary forces is most likley to decease variation between populations
gene flow
what do the forces of evolution include
natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations
the two suborders of primates are
prosimians and anthropoids
translation
results in the production of amino acid chains
Mendel’s plant hybridization experiments demonstrated that
traits inherited from each parent remained distinct in the offspring
the scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understanding of genetics was
Gregor Mendel
the physical expression of an organism’s genetic constitution is called the
phenotype
prehensile tails
are present only in some new world monkeys
anthropology is best described as
the study of humankind from multiple perspectives and time periods
living lemurs are found in
madagascar
the classification of past and living forms is
taxonomy
in peas, the gene for red flowers (R) is dominant over the gene for white flowers (r). a pea plant with white flowers is crossed with one that has red flowers, half of the offspring have white flowers and half have red flowers. what are the genotypes of the parents?
Rr x rr
how does gene flow differ from genetic drift?
gene flow is the spread of new genetic material from one gene pool to another
which of the following are prosimians
lemurs
the cladistic (genetic) classification for apes and humas
groups humans, gorillas, and chimps into a single sister group
one gene affecting more than one phenotypic character is called
pleiotropy
the expression of poly genetic traits
is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors
which of the following pairs are analogous traits?
birds’ wings and bat’s wings
RNA differs from DNA in that it uses
uracil instead of thymine
sexual dimorphism
refers to difference between the sexes with regard to features such as body size
any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws is called
non-Medelian inheritance
the evolutionary process that produced analogous structures in new and old world monkeys is called
homoplasy
the ides that geologic processes operating today are the same as those that happened in the past
uniformitarianism
among the savanna dwelling baboons, male-female alliances or “friendships”
have both costs and benefits to both the male and female
primate affective behaviors include
all of these (alliances, grooming, mounting)
somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT
sex cells
a hypothesis
is an attempt to explain observations and predict future scientific results
chromosome number is reduced during
meiosis
DNA
directs cellular function
structural similarities shared by a wide array of distantly related species that are inherited from a common ancestor, such as the number of bones in the forelimb, are termed
ancestral (primative)
physical anthropology as a discipline is concerned with
all of these (skeletal pathology, primate behavior, fossilized human remains)
the type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is
directional selection
the scientist who coined the name Homo sapiens for human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomic group he called primates was
Carolus Linnaeus
Anubis baboons
have s multimale-multifemale social organization
in Europe before about 1800, it was believed that
all forms were created by god and did not change over time
anthropoids include
monkeys, apes, and humans
gametes are ______ cells
haploid
the rhinarium is present in
ring-tal lemurs
the scientific method
involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing
(t/f) mutation is the inly source of new genetic material
true
(t/f) proteins consist of chains of DNA nucleotides
false
(t/f) mitosis produces four gametes
false
(t/f) in order for traits to respond to natural selection, they must be hertable
true
(t/f) prehensile tails independently evolved in a handful of old world and new world primates
false
(t/f) physical anthropology includes the study of linguistic variation as it relates to climate
false
(t/f) DNA replication take place only during the production of gametes
false
(t/f) gene flow increases the number of genetic difference between populations
false
(t/f) Lamarck’s most important contribution to 18th century thought was the popularization of the concept of species mutability
true
(t/f) natural selection works on preexisting variation in a population
true
(t/f) cladistic classification may often seem to violate common sense
true
(t/f) observations of living primates inform our efforts to understand out evolutionary past
true
(t/f) grooming reinforces social structures and cement social bonds
true
(t/f) before 1700, most western scientists though the earth was 4.6 billion years old
false
(t/f) genetic drift is most powerful as and evolutionary cause when operating on small populations
true
(t/f) convergent evolution can result in two diverse species evolving into one species if they inhabit similar enrivonments
false
