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Biology > Core Practicals > Flashcards

Core Practicals Flashcards

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1
Q

What Is A Control Variable?

A

The things you keep the same

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2
Q

What Is An Independent Variable?

A

The thing you change

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3
Q

What Is A Dependent Variable?

A

The thing you measure

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4
Q

What Are The Control Variables In The Daphnia Practical?

A
  • Daphnia size
  • Amount of caffeine solution
  • Time
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5
Q

What Is The Independent Variable In The Daphnia Practical?

A

Caffeine concentration

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6
Q

What Is The Dependent Variable In The Daphnia Practical?

A

Heart rate

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7
Q

Describe The Method For The Daphnia Practical?

A
  • Place a Daphnia on a microscope slide
  • Rinse with distilled water and leave for 5 mins
  • Count the heart beats in 30 secs and X2 (beats per min)
  • Repeat with various caffeine solutions on different Daphnia
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8
Q

What Are The Control Variables For The Vitamin C Practical?

A
  • Amount of DCPIP
  • DCPIP concentration
  • No. of times the tube is shaken
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9
Q

What Is The Independent Variable For The Vitamin C Practical?

A

Type of fruit juice

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10
Q

What Is The Dependent Variable For The Vitamin C Practical?

A

Volume of juice to decolourise DCPIP

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11
Q

Describe The Method For The Vitamin C Practical?

A
  • Pipette 1cm3 of DCPIP into a test tube and add drops of fruit juice
  • Shake tube gently after each drop
  • Keep doing so until it’s no longer blue
  • Record volume of fruit juice used once no longer blue
  • Repeat with different juices
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12
Q

What Calculations Are Useful For The Vitamin C Practical?

A

Mass in 1cm3= 10mg X Vol to decolourise DCPIP

Mass in sample= Mass of juice to decolourise divided by volume to decolourise

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13
Q

What Are The Control Variables For The Membrane Practical?

A
  • Vol. of water
  • Time beetroot is in water
  • Beetroot size
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14
Q

What Is The Independent Variable For The Membrane Practical?

A

The temperature of the water

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15
Q

What Is The Dependent Variable For The Membrane Practical?

A

% transmission of light through solution

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16
Q

Describe The Method For The Membrane Practical?

A
  • Cut up 1cm long beetroot cylinders
  • Rinse in distilled water over night
  • Prepare 8 tubes of different water temps.
  • Add beetroot and leave for 30 mins
  • Remove and shake to create dye
  • Set colour meter to % absorbance (green/blue filter)
17
Q

What Calculations Are Useful For The Membrane Practical?

A

100-% absorbance

18
Q

What Are The Control Variables For The Enzyme Rate Of Reaction Practical?

A
  • Enzyme vol.
  • Substrate concentration
  • pH
  • Temperature
19
Q

What Is The Independent Variable For The Enzyme Rate Of Reaction Practical?

A

Enzyme concentration

20
Q

What Is The Dependent Variable For The Enzyme Rate Of Reaction Practical?

A

Time taken for enzyme to break down substrate

21
Q

Describe The Method For The Enzyme Rate Of Reaction Practical?

A
  • Create different enzyme concentrations using distilled water
  • Use different syringes to avoid cross contamination
  • Set up water bath to constant temperature
  • 1 test tube of 5cm3 casein solution
  • 1 test tube of 2cm 0.2% trypsin
  • Leave 3 mins then mix together until transparent and time this
22
Q

What Calculations Are Useful For The Enzyme Rate Of Reaction Practical?

A

Rate= 1 divided by time

23
Q

Describe The Method For The Mitosis Practical

A
  • Test tube of 2cn3 1m HCL and place in 60 degree water bath
  • Cut 1-2cm off tip of garlic and place in 2cm3 of acetic alcohol for 12 mins
  • Repeat with ice cold distilled water
  • Leave For 5 mins then place in heated HCL
  • Break up under microscope with needle and stain with or orcein ethanoic blue
24
Q

What Calculations Are Useful For The Mitosis Practical?

A

Mitosis Index= no. of cells with chromosomes divided by total no. of cells

25
Q

Describe The Method For The Totipotency Practical

A
  • Germinate seeds by sprinkling on damp sponge
  • Pour 2cm Of agar Into McCartney bottle and allow to set
  • Cut off tops of shoots and push into agar
  • Place on window sill and observe over 10 days
26
Q

What Are The Control Variables In The Plant Fibre Strength Practical?

A
  • Size of plant fibre

- Size of individual weights

27
Q

What Is The Independent Variable For The Plant Fibre Strength Practical?

A

Type of plant fibre

28
Q

What Is The Dependent Variable For The Plant Fibre Strength Practical?

A

Mass that the fibres hold

29
Q

Describe The Method For The Plant Fibre Strength Practical

A
  • Soak fibres before hand
  • Connect between clamps
  • Gradually add weights until snaps
  • Repeat with different fibres and record mass
30
Q

What Are The Control Variable For The Mineral Deficiency Practical?

A
  • Volume of mineral solution
  • Plant species
  • Amount of light
31
Q

What Is The Independent Variable For The Mineral Deficiency Practical?

A

Types of minerals

32
Q

What Is The Dependent Variable For The Mineral Deficiency Practical?

A

Physical characteristics of the plant

Biology (8 decks)

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