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community + family studies > 🧖‍♀️ 🌎🎫🌲💔☪️ core one: research methodology > Flashcards

🧖‍♀️ 🌎🎫🌲💔☪️ core one: research methodology Flashcards

1
Q

Wellbeing

A

SPEECS - Social, Physical, Economic, Emotional, Cultural, Spiritual

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2
Q

Specific Needs

A

SHESEA - Safety and security, Health, Education, Sense of Identity, Employment, Adequate Standard of Living

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3
Q

Sampling

A

SMS - Sample Group, Methods of Sampling, Sample Size

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4
Q

Types of Data

A

PSQQ - Primary, Secondary, Qualitative, Quantitative

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5
Q

Sources of Data

A

IP - Individuals and groups, Print and digital

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6
Q

Ethical Behaviour

A

PRIB - Privacy, Respect, Integrity of Researcher/Data, Bias

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7
Q

Research Methods

A

CLOIQ - Case study, Literature review, Observation, Interview, Questionnaire

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8
Q

Research process

A

PCI…. Planning for research, Conducting research, Interpreting research

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9
Q

PLANNING (P-ci) for research

A

FM…. Formulating proposal, Managing Resources

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10
Q

CONDUCTING (p-C-i) research

A

CAD….. Collecting & recording data, Accessing sources of Data, Documenting Actions and Issues

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11
Q

INTERPRETING (p-c-I) data

A

PAD…. Presenting Research findings, Analysing Research results, Drawing Conclusions

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12
Q

Types of Graphs

A

LPB…. Line graph, Pie graph, Bar/column graph

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13
Q

sampling methods

A 
RSSCCV...
-----
Random
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Convenience
Volunteer
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14
Q

‘random-simple’ sampling method

A

none structured method, choosing participates at random.. is convenient but leads to bias…

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15
Q

‘systematic’ sampling

A

A gap between each of the selection.. ect 1 in 10.. choosing every 10th person.

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16
Q

‘stratified’ sampling

A

dividing the population into subgroups by a certain characteristic, etc age, gender, postcode..

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17
Q

‘cluster’ sampling

A

divides people into various groups or ‘clusters’.. sample is taken from each cluster to broadly represent that population.

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18
Q

‘convenience’ sampling

A

choosing samples without a method or system

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19
Q

‘volunteer’ sampling

A

individuals that volunteer their participation

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20
Q

what does an appendix do?

A

Holds and records any documentation that supports the hypothesis such as copies of raw primary data.. questionnaire data, interview transcripts and key journal articles used.

21
Q

What are the Acknowledgements?

A

The acknowledgement by the researcher for those who have contributed and assisted in the research process

22
Q

What is the Analysis and Discussion?

A

A detailed comparison to what results were researched and what results where discovered. Does the researched (primary) data support what you found?

23
Q

What is the Conclusion and Recommendations?

A

Provides an overall summary of the main findings and states whether the question proved the hypothesis or not.

24
Q

What is the use of a Bibliography?

A

All secondary sources that were used in the research process, referenced in alphabetical order. Maintains respect and integrity of the research by correctly quoting its evidence in IRP.

25
Q

Purpose of Research

A 
AEIOU..
...Accessing sources of data
--
..Educating others
--
Informing Practice...
--
pr..O..ve or disprove hypothesis
--
increase U..nderstanding of research
26
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A research statement declared in the beginning of the research and proved or disproved throughout the process.

27
Q

What is the IRP Question?

A

A question which includes a focus of study, intended to be answered throughout the research process.

28
Q

Primary Data?

A

Conducted first hand by the researcher and includes methods such as case studies, observations, interviews and questionnaires.

29
Q

Secondary Data?

A

Data that has already been collected by other researcher/s and is used for background information aswell as a comparison against primary data.

30
Q

Individuals and groups (sources of data)

A

Provides current and in-time data.. Individuals may be relatives, friend, neighbors, teachers.. Groups may be professional organisations, non-for profit groups etc.

31
Q

Print and Digital (sources of data)

A

Both Print and Digital add depth and detail to the process. Print includes.. books, journals, magazines, newspapers and pamphlets… Digital may be.. the internet, computer programs, statistics, webcasts and other resources…

32
Q

PRIB… Privacy?

A

Ensure all participants are aware their information won’t be made available to anyone not involved with the IRP.
Ensuring this… all participants must remain anonymous [even to the researchers themselves].. Difficult to fully accomplish but is a strong guarantee of privacy which will contribute to the projects validity.

33
Q

PRIB…. Respect?

A

May include:

  • respect for the participates by treating their feelings with respect…
  • Non-discriminatory against their age, culture, status, health and experience…
  • Also respecting the participate through research methods.. the researcher shouldn’t question participates on personal topics.
34
Q

PRIB…. Integrity?

A

2 types of Integrity

  1. Integrity of the researcher….. to document all data accurately and truthfully..
    - any conclusions should be documented as failing to record data is dishonest.
  2. Integrity of the data…
    - Appendix… any questionnaires, tapes, observational notes should be available with anonomous/privacy maintained
    - Bibliography… Material used and their sources must be recorded and dated. Relates specifically to secondary data collated from secondary sources. Your records must show exactly what research methods were used and the ways in which it was conducted
35
Q

PRIB… Bias?

A

Bias= the influence of personal values and certain factors on the outcome of the research.
It can be avoided through choosing an appropriate sample group. By a clear interpretation of the projects results, the researcher can record the results as they appear and not how the researcher wants them to.

36
Q

Literature Review

A

Secondary research method that involves a search and evaluation of existing knowledge on a particular topic.
It aims to collect secondary information towards the IRP to enhance insight.

37
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Literature Reviews

A 
ADVANTAGES:
- Demonstrate researchers familiarisation with the topic
- They save time
- They're inexpensive
DISADVANTAGES:
-Requires a high level literacy skill
-Research may be outdated/not relevant
-Researchers may not have access to the information
38
Q

Questionnaires

A

A primary research method which seeks information through a set of formally prepared questions. It’s completed by respondent and could include questions based off of their feelings, beliefs, opinions etc.

39
Q

Open vs Closed questions in Questionnaires

A

OPEN:
Questions that provide the opportunity for an open response that is not guided by the researcher.
EXAMPLE: “Why are informal support networks important to your family?’
CLOSED:
Closed questions are elicit to a limited range of responses, often easier to collate than interpret.
Check boxes, Scales may be present for the response
EXAMPLE: “Are you a Girl, yes or no”

40
Q

Developing a Questionnaire (points to consider)…

A

Points to consider:

  • Write a good introduction
  • Keep it short
  • Ask only relevant questions
  • Make sure each question is relevant to the topic
  • Question only talks about one thing
  • Limit number of possible responses [ frequent use of closed questions]
  • Avoid questions that contain bias
  • Avoid sensitive questions
41
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires

A 
ADVANTAGES:
-Quick distribution
-They collect both qualitative and quantitative data
-Quantitative data is easy to interprete
DISADVANTAGES:
-Collected information may be limited
-Requires literacy skill
-Time-Consuming
42
Q

Interview’s

A

A primary research method that involves verbal and non-verbal communication to obtain information from an interviewee.
Interviews may be voice recorded (with participant permission) or written down during the process.

43
Q

Developing an Interview (points to consider)

A
  • Simplicity in question.. leads to interviewee providing the most accurate answer
  • Test your questions before you gather data
  • Appropriate and reasonable length of Interview questions.
  • Strong structure
44
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews

A 
ADVANTAGES:
-Interviewer has lots of control over the questions/responses
-Large amounts of data are obtained
-Respondents can have the questions reworded for classification
DISADVANTAGES:
-Time Consuming to plan
-Bias may occur through interviewees 
-Communication difficulties may occur
45
Q

Case Studies

A

The collection of data in a raw format (information hasn’t been gathered by/or written by another party).. a deep analysis of a situation/or figure.
EX may be a celebrity or public figure information which is gathered in rich detail…

46
Q

The process of Case Studies..

A
  1. Define the Objective, “what is it I want answered?”
  2. Identify important aspects and target groups that are involved in the study (who, what, when, where and why)
  3. Develop Questions
  4. Keep a detailed record of behaviour, interactions and observations
  5. Collect, review and analyse a variety of reports on the issue being studied
  6. Once completed, document all notes and research in a chart or written format to complete.
47
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Studies

A

ADVANTAGES:
-Provides in depth understanding of topic or issue
-Provides data based on real life experiences/situations
-Develops analytic and problem solving skills
DISADVANTAGES:
-Time Consuming
-Privacy is difficult to protect
-Insufficient information can lead to inadequate results

48
Q

Observations

A

A secondary method which involves systematically watching and recording behaviour as it occurs.. also views group dynamics (through Sociograms)
TWO TYPES
+++Participant:
-the researcher takes part in the group and observes from within
+++Non-Participant:
-Involves the researcher observing the group without participating
-More objective and easier to record what is seen

49
Q

Considerations for Observation method

A

When collecting and recording consider

  • How much data you want to collect
  • Record the appropriate amount during the research process…
  • ensure permission is granted to collect and record data
  • check the recording equipment before recording

community + family studies (9 decks)

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