Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DT > Core Knowledge > Flashcards

Core Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Why are different production techniques used based on the product

A

To manage the cost
To manafacture efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Example / Description / pros + cons

Standardised design and components

A

E.g Electronic components

An individual part manufactured in bulk to an internationally accepted standard
This is done as the same components can be used over many designs

P-
Saves cost
Consistent quality
Speeds up devlopment

D-
Difficult to customise
Quality of product may suffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Example / Description / pros + cons

Just in time (JIT)

A

E.g On demand publishing (greeting cards)

Computerised stock control ensures that parts are received exactly when needed
The parts can go directly to the production site (not stored)

P-
Reduces waste → increases efficiency
Allows production time changes to meet demands

C-
Fewer bulk buying discounts
Break in the supply chain holds up production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Example / Description / pros + cons

Lean manufacturing

A

A way of reducing waste in design, manufacturing, distribution and customer services

E.g eliminating overproduction / minimising defects

P-
Multi skilled teams are responsible for 1 part of the process. This improves production as skills can be shared

C-
Time consuming analysis
Disruptive change to existing process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Example / Description / pros + cons

Batch production

A

E.g Limited print books

A set number of products manufactured in limited quantities for a limited time

P-
Could lower capital costs
Reduces inventory / storage space

C-
Downtime when reconfiguring production system
Lower production efficiency (less is made)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example / Description / pros + cons

Continuous production

A

Manufacturing high demand products 24 hours per day

E.g materials such as glass sheets

P-
Removes cost of stopping and starting the production line
Materials can be cheaper when bought in higher quantities

C-
Automation can lead to staff redundancy
High-Capital input
A fault in production can hault the whole process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example / Description / pros + cons

One off production

A

A single unique product made by skilled workers

E.g specialist furniture

P-
High quality products

C-
Production times are longer
Product is more expensive as production is labour intensive + material cost is higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example / Description / pros + cons

Mass production

A

E.g. toy manufacture

Efficiently and consistently producing many products at a low cost per unit
Automated with parts added to the product in a sequence

P-
Materials can be cheaper in high quantities

C-
High initial set-up costs
Repetitive
If a production line breaks manufacturing is halted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are enterprises

A

A business
Started by someone who shows initiative by taking a risk to set it up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is crowd-funding

A

A method of raising funds from many people for an enterprise via online platforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Effects of new and emerging technologies on :

Industry

A

-Costs can be cut as more efficient manufacturing methods are found
-Human error is decreased
-products are brought to the market quicker

  • Reduce the need for manual input which leads to unemployment
  • employees will have to learn new skills, e.g. looking after the machines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is demographic movement

A

The way in which a populations structure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is sustainability

A

The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Effects of new and emerging technologies on

Environmental Transport costs

A

Transport costs are high as diesel lorries release high amounts of CO2 and make multiple trips

-using electric vehicles or trains
-making fewer journeys / establishing distribution centres with good links
- designing lighter and more compact packaging for products so more can fit into the carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effects of new and emerging technologies on

Waste

A

Waste is often caused due to manufacturing inefficiencies - but can be easily minimised

Reduce - lower wate produced by using computer controlled machines to minimise cut offs

Reuse - Products that would otherwise become waste can be reused, such as empty ink cartridges

Recycle - Using the raw materials from a product again. Some new plastics can be melted down and reformed

Recovering - Recovering wasted energy generated in factories. This could be heat energy which could be reused as fuel elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is automation

A

Using control systems to operate equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the internet of things (IoT)

A

A system of interrelated devices that are connected via the internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples of the internet of things

A

A homes heating system or washing machine can be programmed remotely by an app - saves time in sekecting settingss

Cameras can be placed in homes or outdoors. This can monitor movements of people (checking if elderly people are ok OR accepting packages when not in)

Electric plug sockets or lights can monitor when in use → this can be useful in showing your daily routine or seeing where energy is being used

Smart appliences can be activated using voice → making things easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Coal

A

Heat energy and hot gases convert water into steam which powers a turbine to generate high - voltage electricity

Can be used as a dometic heat source

A-
Reliable + relatively cheap to extract and convert.
Stable, large scale electricity production

N-
Coal mining has impacts on the landscape
Technologies to reduce coal power plant emissions are expensive
Emits pollution - CO2, sulfur….

Non renewable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Oil

A

Can be split into petroleum products such as
Petrol, paraffin and diesel
Oil can be burnt to heat water → produces steam to propel turbine blades and produce electricity

A-
Relatively cheap to extract and convert
Stable large scale / high power electricity generation

N-
Oil power plants are highly polluting
Oil exploration impacts the landscape.
Extraction risks environmental disasters

Non - renewable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are non renewable energy sources

A

Fossil fuels that were formed from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions of years ago

They cannot be replenished quickly and will eventually run out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Gas

A

Burning gas can power turbines, the waste heat can power a steam turbine
Natural gas is used in homes for cooking

Its combustion emits half the CO2 emissions as coal

A-
cleaner than coal or oil
Relatively cheap
Stable large scale / high power electricity production

N-
Burning gasses are highly polluting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is renewable energy

A

Energy that is made from natural resources that are not in a limited supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Biomass

A

Organic material such as wood, landfill gasses and rubbish
Can be used directly via combustion to produce heat or convert to electricity

A-
Waste from plants and farming can be used

D-
Emits fumes that add to global warming
Large areas are needed to cultivate crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Biodiesel

A

Made from natural elements such as plants, fermented waste, cooking oil

Can be used in diesel powered vehicles without modifying the vehicle

A-
Does not give off harmful chemicals
Uses plant waste

D-
Large area needed to cultivate crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Tidal

A

Turbines generate electricity from the movement of tidal water

Artificial tide barrages can be constructed across tidal rivers bays and estuaries.
The water is trapped and then released through the turbines

A-
Tides are predictable and stable
Powerful + no emissions
Barrages have a secondary purpose as a bridge

D-
Lower energy output than fossil fuels
Large barrages may have an ecological impact
Expensive to build + only available in costal areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Wind

A

Wind turbines use propeller blades which spin a shaft to create electricity in a generator

A-
Freely available
Can be used in remote areas
No emissions

D-
Could restrict shipping traffic when placed in the sea
Wind can be unpredictable
Expensive to set up
Effectiveness of power generation depends on the location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Solar

A

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity

Solar thermal power plants use the suns rays to heat a fluid that is transported through pipes transferring heat to water, producing steam

Steam is then converted into mechanical energy using a turbine

A-
Reliable in warm countries
Homes can have their own electricity supply
More is produced in stronger sunshine

D-
Expensive to set up
Could change ecology if solar farms replace regular farms
Effectiveness of power depends on location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How it is converted into energy / advantages / disadvantages

Hydro electric

A

A dam traps water that flows through tunnels and turbines to make electricity

A-
Large amounts of low cost power
Can have a secondary purpose - a water reserve

D-
Expensive to set up
Construction may damage the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 3 classes of levers and how can you tell which each one is

A

Class 1 - load fulcrum effort
Class 2 - effort load fulcrum
Class 3 - load effirt fulcrum

FLE - 123
Whichever is in the middle tells you what class the lever is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How do you calculate mechanical advantage

A

Load / effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a velocity ratio + how do you calculate it

A

The ratio of distance the effort has to move compared to the load in a given time

= Distance moved by effort ÷ distance moved by load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How do you calculate efficiency of a lever

A

Mechanical advantage ÷ velocity ratio × 100

It is a percentage value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are linkages

A

Levers that allow forces and motion to be transmitted in a certain way
E.g by reversing the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a bell crank

A

Class 1 lever
Transmits motion 90° to allow an input force to be transmitted around a corner

Emg bike brakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is a reverse motion linkage

A

A class 1 lever that reverses the motion of an input

Emg windscreen wipers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is a cam

A

A mechanism that converts rotary motion into reciprocation or oscillating (up + down / back + forth) movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a follower

A

A device that follows the movement of a cam profile to provide a desired output in a connecting part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the main 3 types of cams

A

Pear shaped
Eccentric / circular
Drop (snail)

40
Q

What does a pear shaped cam do + e.g

A

Motionless for the first half of a cycle
The object then rises and falls

E.g valve engines in a car

41
Q

What does a circular cam do + e.g

A

Smooth continuous movement (as the follower rises and falls)

E.g steam engines

42
Q

What does a drop cam do

A

Gives a slow rise with its spiral cross section and then suddenly drops

Used in hammers / punches or machines needing a sudden drop

43
Q

What are the main 3 types of followers

A

Roller
Knife edge

Flat

44
Q

When is a roller (follower) used

A

When high speeds are required such as in engines

Rolling motion reduces friction so it will wear better

Has separate parts in the roller mechanism and contends with forces pushing them to the side

45
Q

When is a knife edge (follower) used

A

Used when accuracy is required e.g in an embroidery machine

Suffers from rapid rate of wear and contends with forces pushing them to the side

46
Q

What is a flat (follower) used for

A

Used when higher load bearing capabilities are required such as in a steam engine

Has reduced forces pushing it but still suffers from friction

The larger surface area means it could rotate but has larger load carrying capabilities

47
Q

How do pulleys and belts work

A

They transmit rotary motion from a driver shaft to a driven shaft and are drive mechanisms for tools like a pillar drill

Motion is transferred by friction

48
Q

What are v-belts

A

Shaped belts that increase the force transmitted
The v-shape increases the gripping area by having slope sides

This increases efficiency

49
Q

What is the fair trade foundation

A

An organisation that aims to tackle poverty across the world

Looks after the interests of farmers and producers in developing countries by ensuring they air paid a fair price for their goods

Also looks at working conditions and tries to prevent child labour or enforced labour and discrimination by gender

50
Q

What are carbon offsetting schemes

A

Schemes that allow companies or individuals to reduce their carbon footprint or become carbon neutral

E.g by planting trees or adopting renewable energy sources

51
Q

What is product disassembly

A

Process that allows products to be recycled and their parts reused
Products can last longer as they can be upgraded

When designing products companies could consider reducing the number of parts + labeling them for easy separation

52
Q

How does waste disposal help the environment

A

Prevent materials from being irresponsibly dumped

Ensures the waste has a minimum impact on the environment

It is enforced by law at international, European, national and local levels

53
Q

What is a life cycle analysis

A

A systematic inventory that assesses environmental impacts relating to every stage of a products life

This makes it easuer to see what areas can be changedbto reduce costs and environmental impacts

54
Q

What does the life cycle analysis look at

A

Environmental costs of a product form:
Extraction
Transportation
Processing of raw materials
Manufacture
Transport of the product./ Distribution
Use by the consumer
Disposal

55
Q

What is collaboration - design strategies

A

More perspectives and ideas can be generated for the design of a product
They talk to other users or designers to spark their imagination

56
Q

What is the design process known as SCAMPER (part of collaboration)

A

Subsitute - could you consider different materials / energy sources

Combine - could you take successful parts from other ideas

Adapt - could you incoperate a different function or make use of a different technology

Modify - could you change the aesthetics shrink or modify it.

Put - could you design more functions

Eliminate - could you take away another part of your design

Reverse - look at your design differently - think about it inside out / upside down

57
Q

What is user centred design

A

Design that focuses on putting the needs of the user at the centre

The users opinions must be considered at every stage of the design

58
Q

What is systems thinking

A

Method used by designers to think about the functions of a product and how users interact with them

These ideas can be shown through a flow chart

This method looks carefully at how each part of the design contributes to its purpose

59
Q

How can you use systems thinking

A

Break down the use of the product or system into simple stages
Consider the different options at each stage
Ask your user to describe the stages they would go through when owning a particular product

60
Q

What is freehand sketching

A

A method of communicating ideas by drawing initial designs in detail

Its a good way of getting ideas down on paper and can be done in both 3D and 2D

When freehand sketching consider

Different mediums - pen, pencil, fine liners, coloured pencils

Grid paper or templates - a human figure outline can be useful to scale your products

The use of arrows - an effective way to show movement within ideas (zooming in or out)

61
Q

How Is digital photography / media used to create and develop design ideas

A

Using edited photos to present the vision of a product.
E.g billboards

Photos and images can also be used to help inspire designs, like in mood boards

Images can also be traced and adapted into a new design

62
Q

What are cut and paste techniques used for

A

A method of communicating ideas

Images are cut and pasted to create a design of what they want their project to look like
The existing photographs are often edited and developed on to create their own designs

63
Q

What are 3D models / protoypes

A

Models of designs used to help the users visualise what the final product will look like

Prototypes can be full scale or smaller versions of the product allowing it to be developed on

This can be done through a variety of materials

Traditional materials emg paper cardboard HIPS
Small plastic building bricks
Computer modelling, 3D printer models

64
Q

What are the 4 main types of 3D drawing

A

Isometric
Oblique
One-point perspective
Two-point perspective

65
Q

How do you draw in oblique

A

Draw the front view in 2D
From each corner draw construction lined at 45°
On the construction kines measure half the reue length (in proportion to your drawring).
Finish the project ensuring all lines are at 45°

66
Q

How do you draw in isometric

A

Begin with the edge of your product as a straight vertical line
Create your construction lines going off at 30°

Fill in the next vertical lines.
Draw the rest of your lines ensuring they are all 30°

67
Q

What is orthographic view

A

Design drawing techniques that shows the details and measurements of different views / angles of the product

68
Q

How do you create an orthographic projection

A

Draw the front view
Side view
Plan view (top)

All in 2D

You can use first or third angle projection

69
Q

What is CAD freehand sketching

A

Using programmes such as 2D design or Adobe photoshop to draw out your initial design

70
Q

What is CAD

A

Computer aided design

71
Q

What is CAM (designs)

A

Computer aided manufacture

E.g using a lers cutter for greater precision

72
Q

Why is CAD becoming more common

A

It allows the design to appear more realistic and professional to users and investors

73
Q

What is an exploded view

A

A disassembled drawing of a product demonstrating what is inside of it

It shows how a product (e.g a shoe) is assembled

74
Q

What is oscillating movement

A

Back and forth movement

75
Q

What is reciprocating movement

A

Up and down movement

76
Q

What are the advantages of using CAD

A

Component parts can be copied and pasted which speeds up the design process

Materials can be coloured / surface textures can be applied this allows for more accurate drawings, so client feedback can be more specific

Software can be linked to CNC machines to cut parts directly from the drawring

77
Q

What is linear movement

A

Movement in a straight line

78
Q

What is rotary movement

A

Movement around a central point (rotating)

79
Q

What is the effort fulcrum and load

A

Effort - amount of force input by users
Fulcrum - point at which the leaver pivots
Load - force exerted by the load (output)

80
Q

What are mechanisms

A

Devices that change one form of force into another

81
Q

What are the three stages of cam movement

A

Rise - moves the follower up
Fall - moves the follower down
Dwell - the follower remains stationary

82
Q

How do you calculate the velocity ratio of a pulley system

A

Driven pulley diameter (smaller) ÷ driver pulley diameter

83
Q

How do you calculate the output speed of a gear

A

Output speed = initial speed ÷ gear ratio

Gear ratio = teeth on driven gear ÷ teeth on driver gear

84
Q

What are cranks and sliders

A

Mechanisms that convert rotary movement into reciprocating motion (or the other way round

The ‘crank’ is circular and is the rotary motion
The ‘slider’ is flat and the reciprocating movement

The distance moved by the slider is twice the radius of the movement of the crank arm

85
Q

What is a simple gear train

A

A train where two spur gears are meshed (placed together) on parallel shafts

Simple gear chains reverse the driver gears movement so the driven gear will turn in a different dircetion

86
Q

What is a compound gear train

A

Several pairs of meshing gears are combined to increase the velocity ratio if gears

It has more than on gear on a shaft

87
Q

How do you find the velocity ratio of compound gear trains

A

Velocity ratio of gear train 1 × velocity ratio of gear train 2

88
Q

What is an idle gear

A

A gear that causes the driven gear and driver gear to rotate in the same direction (it is placed between them)

It has no effect on the velocity ratio

89
Q

What are revolutions per minute

A

The number of times devices make a full rotation on their axis in a minute

90
Q

What are bevel gears

A

Specialist gears that transmit rotary motion through 90°

They are used in hand drills

91
Q

What are mitre gears

A

Bevel gears that are the same size (velocity ratio does not change)

92
Q

What are rack and pinion gears

A

Gears that change rotary motion to linear (or vice versa)

They are used in pillar drills

The racks movement is determined by the number of teeth on the pinion (circular) gear and the number of teeth per meter on the track

93
Q

How do you calculate the output movement of a rack and pinion gear

A

(Number of teeth on pinion ÷ number of teeth on track per meter) × 1m

(This is for 1 rotation of the pinion gear)

94
Q

What is a thermistor

A

A temperature dependent resistor.
When it is hot the resistance is low
When it is cold the resistance is high

They have a low cost
Need careful placement to be effective

95
Q

What is a light dependent resistor

A

A resistor which changes resistance when light levels change

Low light = low resistance

They have a low cost but must be positioned carefully to work

96
Q

What is a resistor

A

Component in a circuit that changes the resistance

It is used to protect delicate components by preventing too much electricity from flowing through them

It is available in a wide range of values but a circuit will not work if the wrong resistor is used

DT (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions