COPD Flashcards
1
Q
Pathophysiology
A
combination of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and potentially asthma
CB
- chronic irritation and inflammation of the epithelium
- results in mucus gland hypertrophy and hypersecretion
- results in destruction of ciliated epithelium which is replaced with non-ciliated cells
- results in overall impairment to MCC
- bronchial wall hypertrophy - thickening of the airways and increased propensity for bronchospasm
Emphysema
- exposure to toxins = destruction of elastin = lost elastic recoil
- reduced area for gas exchange
- small airway walls become floppy and collapse
2
Q
Clinical Implications
A
airflow limitation impaired airway clearance impaired gas exchange dyspnoea reduced exericise tolerance musculoskeletal dysfunction respiratory muscle dysfunction abnormal breathing pattern
3
Q
Clinical Features
A
Hyperinflation - barrel chest, CXR changes Reduced BS throughout the lungs with ausc Abnormal breathing pattern - accessory muscle use - upper chest breathing - pursed lip breathing - prolonged expiration chronic cough oxygen desaturation on pulse oximetry reduced functional exercise capacity reduced general muscle strength adopt positions for breathlessness for extended periods of time issues with incontinence
4
Q
Medical Management
A
aimed at slowing deterioration and optimising QOL smoking cessation pharmacology - vaccinations, puffers surgical interventions oxygen therapy ventilatory support
5
Q
COPD-X Plan
A
C - confirm diagnosis and assess severity
O - optimise function
P - prevent deterioration
D - develop support network and self-management
X - manage exacerbations
6
Q
Physio Management
A
spirometry assessment time treatment to be post inhaled therapies exacerbation management - sputum, breathlessness etc. pulmonary rehab dyspnoea management airway clearance continence screening education
