CONTROLLING MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION

Question 1

epidemic vs pandemic

Answer 1

Epidemic is is an outbreak of a disease over a large geographical area and affects a large portion of the population
Pandemic is a type of epidemic but is more substantial in terms of the spread of the disease

Question 2

ACDP

Answer 2

The ACDP categories microorganisms in different hazard groups: work with the health and safety executive, public health england and the department for environment,food and rural affairs.

Question 3

Hazard group

Answer 3

Hazard group - criteria depends on pathogenicity to humans, hazard to employees. Transmission in the community and is there an effective treatment.
1- unlikely to cause human disease
2- can cause human disease, low risk to employee, unlikely to spread to community and treatment is available
3- can cause human disease, serious risk to employees, may spread in the community and may not have treatment.
4- causes serve human disease, high risk to employees, likely to spread in the community and usually no effective treatment.

Question 4

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 4

MRSA (in-patient screening inside nose for MRSA on admission and discharge because some are asymptomatic. Isolation of patient and eradication therapy),VRE

Question 5

hospital/healthcare associated infections (HAIs/HCAIs)

Answer 5

these develop either as a direct result of healthcare interventions such as medical or surgical treatment, or from being in contact with a healthcare setting

Question 6

vancomycin - resistant enterococci

Answer 6

gram -positive cocci, causes urinary tract infection.

Question 7

Emerging infectious diseases

Answer 7

(MERS and SADS)
Defined as having recently appeared within a population or whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing.