acid/base and Redox

Question 1

cations and anions

Answer 1

cations- loose an electon becomes positive
anions- gains an electron and becomes negative

Question 2

define acids

Answer 2

hydrogen ion donor
produce hydrogen ions

Question 3

bronsted-lowry theory of acids and bases

Answer 3

an acid is a proton donor
a base is a proton acceptor

Question 4

arrhenius theory of acids and bases

Answer 4

acids produce hydrogen ions in solution
bases produce hydroxide ions in solution

Question 5

lewis theory of acids and bases

Answer 5

an acid is an electron pair acceptor
a base is an electron pair donor

Question 6

base definition

Answer 6

hydrogen ion acceptor
compound that can undergo chemical change to combine with a hydrogen ion

Question 7

what is omitted when considering acids in aqueous solution

Answer 7

water

Question 8

conjugate acid-base

Answer 8

acid and base operate as a pair
acid donates a hydrogen to the base
acids and bases cannot operate in isolation
an acid must have a base to which donates a hydrogen ion

Question 9

what is the general equation for acid-base reaction?

Answer 9

HA + B - A- + BH+

Question 10

acid- base balance

Answer 10

acids and bases that ionise completely = strong
acids and bases dissociate incompletely =weak

Question 11

bicarbonate system

Answer 11

The body usually buffers weaker organic acids like lactic acid
the addition of H+ ions drives reaction to right= more carbonic acid which consumes bicarbonate
if H+ ions fall carbonic acid dissociates generating H+ ions
20:1 ratio of bicarbonte : carbonic acid

Question 12

PH

Answer 12

measure of concentration of hydronium ions in a solution
PH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

PH = log10 1/(H+) = -log10(H+)
the hydronium ion concentraion can be found from the pH by the reverse of the mathematical operation employed to find the pH

inverse the log (-PH)

Question 13

what is a strong acid?

Answer 13

it is an acids readiness to donate a hydrogen ion vise versa for a weak acid

Question 14

Ka and pKa

Answer 14

Ka =(H3O+)(A-)/(HA)
pKa = -log(Ka)
strong acid has a large Ka
weak acid has a small Ka

Question 15

oxidation and reduction

Answer 15

oxidation- is the loss of electrons = increase in oxidation state
reduction - is the gain of elections = decrease in oxidation state

Question 16

oxidised and reduced

Answer 16

oxidised- when a chemical species loses or donates electrons it undergoes oxidation
when a chemical species gains electrons or accepts electrons it undergoes reduction

Question 17

redox

Answer 17

process of oxidation and reduction - transfer of electrons from one atom to another= complementary process= occurs simultaneously
electrons can be physically transferred from one species to another