Controlling Blood Gluose

Question 1

which hormone(s) control blood sugar levels?

Answer 1

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 2

Blood sugar is controlled as part of [ ].

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

What puts glucose into the blood from the gut?

Answer 3

Eating foods containing carbohydrates.

Question 4

What removes glucose from cells?

Answer 4

Normal metabolism of cells

Question 5

What removes much more glucose from the blood?

Answer 5

Vigorous exercise

Question 6

What and How is the blood glucose levels monitored, why?

Answer 6

Levels of glucose must be kept steady.
Monitored and controlled by the pancreas
using the hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 7

Blood glucose level too [ ] - insulin is added

Answer 7

High

Question 8

Blood glucose level to low - [ ] is added

Answer 8

Glucagon

Question 9

Describe the process when blood glucose levels are too high.

Answer 9

1) Insulin is secreted from the pancreas into the blood
2) There is still too much glucose and also there is insulin
3) The insulin makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen
4) Blood glucose reduced

Question 10

Describe the process when blood glucose levels are too low.

Answer 10

1) Glucagon is secreted from the pancreas into the blood
2) There is still too little glucose and there is glucagon in the blood
3) The glucagon makes the liver turn glycogen into glucose
4) Blood glucose increased

Question 11

What is type 1 diabetes caused by?

Answer 11

Lack of Insulin

Question 12

What is the condition ‘Type 1 diabetes’?

Answer 12

Where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. The result is that a person’s blood glucose can rise to a level that can kill them.

Question 13

What 2 ways can type 1 diabetes be controlled?

Answer 13

1) Avoiding foods rich in simple carbohydrates (eg sugars)

2) Injecting insulin into the blood at mealtimes.

Question 14

Describe how Avoiding foods rich in simple carbohydrates helps type 1 diabetes

Answer 14

The digestion of simple carbohydrates causes glucose levels to rise rapidly
It can also be helpful to take exercise after eating to try to use up the extra glucose produced during digestion.

Question 15

Describe how Injecting insulin into the blood at mealtimes. helps type 1 diabetes

Answer 15

This will help the liver remove the glucose as soon as it enters the blood from the gut, when the food is being digested
This stops the level of glucose in the blood from getting too high and it is a very effective treatment

Question 16

What does the amount of insulin that needs to be added depend on?

Answer 16

Person’s diet and how active they are

Question 17

Where does insulin come from when being produced for diabetes treatment? Where did it use to come from? Is it better now?

Answer 17

Insulin used to be extracted from the pancreas of pigs or cows, but now human insulin is made by genetic engineering. This insulin doesn’t cause adverse reactions in patients.

Question 18

Why might there still be long-term health problems even when injecting insulin?

Answer 18

Insulin injections can’t be controlled as accurately as a normal working pancreas

Question 19

What transplant can you have for type 1 diabetes? (Dis)advantages?

Answer 19

Pancreas transplant.
Won’t have to inject themselves with insulin again.
Your body can reject the tissue - you would have to take costly immunosuppressive drugs, which often have serious side effects.

Question 20

Modern research into [ ] pancreases and [ ] research may mean the elimination of organ rejection.

Answer 20

Artificial

Stem cell

Question 21

Why can’t insulin be taken as a pill?

Answer 21

The enzymes in the stomach completely destroy it before it reaches the blood stream.