control variables

Question 1

demand characteristics

Answer 1

-cue which convey to the participants the aim/purpose of study

Question 2

what type of effects are there when relating to demand characteristics

Answer 2

• PLEASE YOU EFFECT- participant change their behaviour to benefit the research
• SCREW YOU EFFECT- participant sabotage is the result

Question 3

why does demand characteristics occur

Answer 3

SOCIAL DESIRABILITY BIAS
(wanting to be seen in a desirable light)
-therefore they change their behaviour which leads to artificial behaviour and UNREALISTIC RESULTS, impacts VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Question 4

participant reactivity meaning

Answer 4

how participants react to cues from the environment/research being conducted; participants are NOT passive

Question 5

investigator effects meaning

Answer 5

-any effects of the researcher’s behaviour that impacts the researches outcome, this can be conscious or unconscious

Question 6

what does investigate affects lead to

Answer 6

EXPERIMENTER BIAS

EG, age, gender, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, TONE OF VOICE

Question 7

randomisation meaning

Answer 7

use of chance when designing materials and order of conditions
-a way of controlling investigator effects and EVs, this reduces selection and investigator bias

Question 8

standardisation meaning

Answer 8

using exactly the same procedures, environment, information and instructions for all participants

Question 9

confounding variables meaning

Answer 9

extraneous variables that have not been controlled which affects the DV

Question 10

situational variables meaning

Answer 10

features of the experimental situation that may affect the DV/could affect the participants behaviour