control of pH Flashcards
1
Q
what is the normal level of pH in the body overall, and in arterial and venous blood:
A
7.4:
arterial blood - 7.45
venous blood - 7.35
2
Q
what are the 4 main acids in the human blood?
A
- carbonic acid
- lactic acid
- sulphuric/phosphoric acid
- ketoacids
3
Q
what processess cause the 4 main acids?
A
- carbonic acid - oxphos (C02)
- lactic acid - glycolysis
- sulphuric/phosphoric - proteins
- ketoacids - fatty acids
4
Q
what are votatile and non-volatile buffers?
A
- votatile - substances that can easily convert between gaseous form and dissolved forms in solution
- non-volatile - substances that do not easily convert between gaseous and dissolves forms
5
Q
examples of non-volatile buffers (3)
A
- haemoglobin
- phosphate
- organic acids (lactacte)
6
Q
how does haemoglobin act as a buffer? (3)
A
- contains histidine within its structure
- histidine’s can undergo changes in protonation state
- either losing or gaining H+
7
Q
examples of volatile buffers (1)
A
the bicarbonate system:
* operates in ECF
* particularly in blood plasma
8
Q
what is used to measure arterial blood gas analysis? (2)
A
- blood sample
- measured by bloog gas analyser
