control of blood pressure Flashcards
1
Q
how is blood pressure calculated?
A
- the difference between the pressure in the system and the external pressure (transmural pressure)
2
Q
what is blood pressure? (3)
A
- the force exerted by circulating blood
- against the walls of the arteries
- as the heart pumps it throughout the body
3
Q
what sense the changes in arterial blood pressure?
A
- baroreceptors
4
Q
are baroreceptors an acute (quick) response?
A
yes
5
Q
what are baroreceptors?
A
- mechanosensitive receptors that monitor changes in blood pressure
6
Q
the location of baroreceptors (2)
A
- carotid sinuses (arteries)
- aortic arch
7
Q
what do the carotid arteries supply?
A
head & neck
8
Q
how do baroreceptors sense the change in blood pressure?
A
- detect the stretch or deformation of the arterial walls
- in response to changes in blood pressure
9
Q
where do baroreceptors relay information to?
A
- the cardiovascular control centre
- also known as the medulla oblongata
10
Q
how does renal compensation control blood pressure?
A
- controls blood volume via alteration in urine volume and composition
11
Q
examples of hormones used in renal composition to maintain BP: (3)
A
- vasopressin (ADH)
- renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone system (RAAS)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
12
Q
what system does renin trigger?
A
the RAAS system
13
Q
how blood loss effects the BP system: (2)
A
- blood loss causes a fall in systemic blood pressure
- reflex mechanisms act to minimise the initial insult
14
Q
how is this immediate-mechanism term compensation an example of a homeostatic mechanism? (2)
A
- negative feedback responses are acting to restore blood pressure
- minimising the initial effect of blood loss
15
Q
what are the usual symptoms of hypertension?
A
none - is usually asymptomatic
