control of blood glucose concentration

Question 1

what organ releases the hormones that regulate blood glucose concetration

Answer 1

the pancreas

Question 2

what 2 hormones does the pancreas release to regulate blood glucose concentration

Answer 2

insulin and glucagon

Question 3

why is glucose needed by every cell

Answer 3

glucose is needed by every cell to release energy by respiration

Question 4

What happens when blood glucose concentration is too high?

after eating a meal

Answer 4

• when blood glucose concentration is too high
• insulin is released into lower blood glucose concentration levels
• triggers body cells to take in the glucose from the blood
• which converts extra glucose into glycogen in the liver which makes the cells more permeable
• so the concentration of glucose in the blood returns to it’s normal level

Question 5

what are the 2 types of diabetes

Answer 5

type 1 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

Question 6

how does glucagon work

Answer 6

When blood glucose levels fall too low it’s detected by the pancreas
This causes the pancreas to release the hormone
glucagon into the blood stream.
This hormone then travels around the body, and binds mainly to cells in the liver
This stimulates those liver cells to break down their stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood.
This extra glucose increases blood glucose levels back up to normal.

Question 7

1. when is type 1 diabetes typically diagnosed?
2. what is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes?
3. what is type 1 diabetes caused by?
4. what are the 2 factors that decide how much insulin they need to inject?
5. why are people with diabetes encouraged to exercise?

Answer 7

1. childhood/ teenage years
   (life long)
2. insulin injections
3. pancreas not producing enough insulin
   (so there is uncontrolled high glucose levels)
4. what they have just eaten? how much exercise they are doing?
5. when you exercise you absorb more glucose from the blood so they would have to inject less insulin (into their thigh, upper arm)

Question 8

1. when is type 2 diabetes typically diagnosed?
2. what is type 2 diabetes caused by (in terms of insulin)?
3. what is the main treatment for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

1. in older people
   ( due to having unhealthy diets for a long period of time)
2. the body cells no longer respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas (high blood glucose levels)
3. healthy low sugar diet and regular exercise