CONTEMP PSYCHOLOGY WEEK 4 Flashcards
1
Q
BEHAVIOURAL APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY
A
2
Q
THE BEHAVIOUAL MANIFESTO
A
- From behaviourist view - purely objective experimental branch of natural science. its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behaviour. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods
- nor scientific of is data dependent on the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness
3
Q
Who was Wundt (1832-1920) and what did he do?
A
- founded the modern science of psychology combining - methods of natural sciences
- science of higher metal activity.
- ## opened the 1st experimental psychology laboratory opening in Leipzig, Germany
4
Q
who proposed behaviorist manifesto and why?
A
- John Watson in 1913
- due to Wundt’s reliance on introspection which led to inconsistencies and irreconcilable differences between different laboratories
5
Q
what does the behaviourist approach do?
A
- offered the chance to construct an approach that was entirely based on observation
- relationship between stimulus and response.
6
Q
what were the origins of behaviourism?
A
- Ivan Pavlov - (1849-1936)
- Russion physiologist interested in digestive proccess
7
Q
what were Pavlov’s observation?
A
- his observations were that why does a dog sometimes salivate when there is no food in its mouth
- it is caused by a reflex in the brain formed by the sight/sound of the feeder rather than the food
which provides an objective measurable index of learning
8
Q
what conditionings did he find?
A
- Classical conditioning
- US=UR
- NS=NO REFLEX
-NS+US=UR
-CS=CR
OPERANT CONDITIONING=
MAINTAING
REWARD= gaining access to food reinforces the response
9
Q
what were Thorndike’s law of learning ?
A
- LAW OF EFFECT= the consequences of a response determine whether the tendency to perform it is strengthened.
- Law of Exercise= A response will become strongly connected to a stimulus with repetition
