CONTEMP PSYCHOLOGY WEEK 3 Flashcards
what are the key themes of the psychoanalytical approach?
- basic nature of humans is instinctual
- our behaviour and feelings as adults are rooted in our childhood experiences( the id and super ego)
- research emphasis on qualitative methods the meaning of behaviour rather than quantifying the behaviour
who developed the psychoanalytical approach and why ?
- Sigmund Freud
- Influence on the unconscious
- impact on many areas of psychology - personality, motivation and emotion,abnormal psychology,clinical psychology and therapy.
what is Freuds theory of hysteria?
- Freud described Anna O as the founder of the psychoanalytic approach
- interpretation; repression of traumatic events leads to hysterical symptoms
- the form of hysterical symptoms symbolises the traumatic event
- bringing the trauma into consciousness resolves the unconscious conflict and alleviates the symptoms
- Trauma and conflicts mostly concern SEX!
what is the ID?
- related to primitive instincts of the body- e.g sex, aggression
- present from birth
- functions according to the pleasure- pain principle
what is the Superego?
- ethical component of personality
- reflecting society’s moral standards
- forms during the dissolution of the Oedipus complex
- operated via the moral principle
what is the ego?
- mediator between the id and the superego and between outer and inner worlds
- developed during the first year of life
operated via reality principle
Explain what is meant by Defence mechanisms?
- when the inner conflict between id ,superego and ego gets out of control and causes anxiety
- ego seeks to limit anxiety and protect itself via defence mechanisms
- Defense mechanisms reduce/change modify anxiety by distorting reality
Give some examples of defence mechanisms and their definitions?
- repression=supressing painful memories and thoughts
- denial= refusing to accept reality because it is unpleasant
- regression= re turning to coping strategies or behaviours from early stages of development
- projection
- displacement
- sublimation
What does the ‘ FREUDIAN SLIP’ mean?
- when a person means to say one thing but actually says another
- the error reveals the persons unconscious thoughts
what are the stages of psychosexual development?
- oral
- Anal
- phallic
- Latency
- Genital
What is the oral stage ?
0-8 months
- focus on the mouth
= oral fixation
What are the symptoms of oral fixation?
- smoking
- constant chewing
- nail biting
- overeating
- sarcasm
When does Anal occur and what is it?
18-36 months - bowel and bladder elimination -consequences = Anal-retentivness =Anal expulsive
What is phallic and when does it happen?
3-6 years
- genitals
- consequences= Negative Oedipus complex , negative Electra complex
What are the phallic symptoms ?
Males= Anxiety , guilty feelings about sex , and Narcissistic personality -Females= Sense of envy and promiscuous , unclear
what is latency and when does it happen?
- 6 years-puberty - Dormant sexual feelings
what are the symptoms of the latency stage?
- learning
- adjusting to the social environment outside of home
- absorbing the culture
- forming beliefs and values
- developing same sex friendships and engaging in sports
what is the genital stage and when does it happen?
- Puberty and beyond
- focus on genitals
outcome= pursuit of heterosexual relationship and individuals can only succeed at this stage if the previous stages are fully resolved
what is psychoanalysis?
- they are methods for exploring the unconscious
- it aims to resolve unconscious childhood conflicts
- thus removes repressions preventing the ego from growing
what are the psychoanalytical methods?
- Hypnosis
- Free Association
- Transference
- Interpretation
- interpretation of dreams
what is hypnosis?
- power of suggestion used to relieve patients from responsibility: enables them to identify and confront anxieties
what is Free Association?
- patients report all thoughts, images, perceptions and feelings to analyst= TALKING CURE
- with a neutral and uncritical therapist
what is Transference?
- This is when a patient transfers unconscious feelings,desires,or expectation from another person toward their therapist
counter transference=
what are interpretations and interpretations of dreams ?
- reframe patients ideas in terms of psychoanalytical theory
- OF DREAMS= mind transforms painful ideas, memories into other content in order to preserve sleep. Interpretation focuses on identifying the true meaning.
