CONTEMP PSYCHOLOGY WEEK 3

Question 1

what are the key themes of the psychoanalytical approach?

Answer 1

• basic nature of humans is instinctual
• our behaviour and feelings as adults are rooted in our childhood experiences( the id and super ego)
• research emphasis on qualitative methods the meaning of behaviour rather than quantifying the behaviour

Question 2

who developed the psychoanalytical approach and why ?

Answer 2

• Sigmund Freud
• Influence on the unconscious
• impact on many areas of psychology - personality, motivation and emotion,abnormal psychology,clinical psychology and therapy.

Question 3

what is Freuds theory of hysteria?

Answer 3

• Freud described Anna O as the founder of the psychoanalytic approach
• interpretation; repression of traumatic events leads to hysterical symptoms
• the form of hysterical symptoms symbolises the traumatic event
• bringing the trauma into consciousness resolves the unconscious conflict and alleviates the symptoms
• Trauma and conflicts mostly concern SEX!

Question 4

what is the ID?

Answer 4

• related to primitive instincts of the body- e.g sex, aggression
• present from birth
• functions according to the pleasure- pain principle

Question 5

what is the Superego?

Answer 5

• ethical component of personality
• reflecting society’s moral standards
• forms during the dissolution of the Oedipus complex
• operated via the moral principle

Question 6

what is the ego?

Answer 6

• mediator between the id and the superego and between outer and inner worlds
• developed during the first year of life
  operated via reality principle

Question 7

Explain what is meant by Defence mechanisms?

Answer 7

• when the inner conflict between id ,superego and ego gets out of control and causes anxiety
• ego seeks to limit anxiety and protect itself via defence mechanisms
• Defense mechanisms reduce/change modify anxiety by distorting reality

Question 8

Give some examples of defence mechanisms and their definitions?

Answer 8

• repression=supressing painful memories and thoughts
• denial= refusing to accept reality because it is unpleasant
• regression= re turning to coping strategies or behaviours from early stages of development
• projection
• displacement
• sublimation

Question 9

What does the ‘ FREUDIAN SLIP’ mean?

Answer 9

• when a person means to say one thing but actually says another
• the error reveals the persons unconscious thoughts

Question 10

what are the stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 10

• oral
• Anal
• phallic
• Latency
• Genital

Question 11

What is the oral stage ?

Answer 11

0-8 months
- focus on the mouth
= oral fixation

Question 12

What are the symptoms of oral fixation?

Answer 12

• smoking
• constant chewing
• nail biting
• overeating
• sarcasm

Question 13

When does Anal occur and what is it?

Answer 13

18-36 months 
- bowel and bladder elimination 
-consequences
= Anal-retentivness
=Anal expulsive

Question 14

What is phallic and when does it happen?

Answer 14

3-6 years

• genitals
• consequences= Negative Oedipus complex , negative Electra complex

Question 15

What are the phallic symptoms ?

Answer 15

Males= Anxiety , guilty feelings about sex , and Narcissistic personality 
-Females= Sense of envy and promiscuous , unclear

Question 16

what is latency and when does it happen?

Answer 16

• 6 years-puberty - Dormant sexual feelings

Question 17

what are the symptoms of the latency stage?

Answer 17

• learning
• adjusting to the social environment outside of home
• absorbing the culture
• forming beliefs and values
• developing same sex friendships and engaging in sports

Question 18

what is the genital stage and when does it happen?

Answer 18

• Puberty and beyond
• focus on genitals
  outcome= pursuit of heterosexual relationship and individuals can only succeed at this stage if the previous stages are fully resolved

Question 19

what is psychoanalysis?

Answer 19

• they are methods for exploring the unconscious
• it aims to resolve unconscious childhood conflicts
• thus removes repressions preventing the ego from growing

Question 20

what are the psychoanalytical methods?

Answer 20

• Hypnosis
• Free Association
• Transference
• Interpretation
• interpretation of dreams

Question 21

what is hypnosis?

Answer 21

• power of suggestion used to relieve patients from responsibility: enables them to identify and confront anxieties

Question 22

what is Free Association?

Answer 22

• patients report all thoughts, images, perceptions and feelings to analyst= TALKING CURE
• with a neutral and uncritical therapist

Question 23

what is Transference?

Answer 23

• This is when a patient transfers unconscious feelings,desires,or expectation from another person toward their therapist
  counter transference=

Question 24

what are interpretations and interpretations of dreams ?

Answer 24

• reframe patients ideas in terms of psychoanalytical theory
• OF DREAMS= mind transforms painful ideas, memories into other content in order to preserve sleep. Interpretation focuses on identifying the true meaning.

Question 25

DO WEEK 3 LECTURE !!!!!!!!