Contact Manuevers Flashcards
Turn Pattern
Turn Pattern
➢ Normal or Slow Cruise on any numbered heading
➢ Two 30º AOB turns in opposite directions for 90° of heading change
➢ Two 45º AOB turns in opposite directions for 180° of heading change
- Sight picture = engine cowling on the horizon
- Add power ~45% torque
➢ Two 60º AOB turns in opposite directions for 360º of heading change
- Sight picture = TCAS antennas on the horizon
- Add power ~60% torque
➢ Use the 1/3 rule to level out
Level Speed Change-
Level Speed Change
➢ Start in Normal cruise (200 KIAS/54%/0º nose attitude)
➢ Reduce power to idle
➢ Airspeed below 150, lower landing gear
➢ As airspeed approaches 120 KIAS, adjust power to 31% to maintain 120 KIAS
➢ Stabilize in No-flap configuration (120 KIAS/31%/4º nose up)
➢ Lower landing flaps
➢ Advance power to 52%
➢ Complete Before Landing Checklist
➢ Stabilize in Landing flap configuration (120 KIAS/52%/1º nose up)
➢ Advance power to MAX
➢ Check Airspeed below 150 and raise gear/flaps
➢ Accelerate to NORMAL cruise
➢ As airspeed approaches 200 KIAS, reduce power to 54%
Power On Stalls
Power-On Stalls
➢ Clean configuration (any airspeed)
➢ Pre-Stalling, Spinning, and Aerobatic Checklist (PSA)
➢ Clear Area
➢ PCL to 30-60% torque
➢ Pitch between 15-40* up
➢ Maintain attitude using increasing back pressure. Keep the wings level.
➢ Initiate recovery when control effectiveness is lost. An un-commanded nose-drop despite increased back pressure or an uncommanded rolling motion indicates loss of control effectiveness.
➢ Stall Recovery
- RELAX, MAX, LEVEL, BALL
- Use max AOA to minimize altitude loss (14-17.9 units AOA)
Landing Pattern (approach turn) Stalls
Landing Pattern Stalls
➢ Downwind configuration (120 KIAS gear down, flaps as required)
➢ Pre-Stalling, Spinning, and Aerobatic Checklist
➢ Before Landing Checklist (BLC)
➢ Clear area
➢ Simulate the TRANSITION at abeam position (Power to 14/15/18%, Airspeed to 120/115/110 KIAS)
➢ Enter a descending 30o AOB turn to simulate the approach turn to final.
➢ Once on airspeed, raise the nose to 5-10 degrees nose high, and THEN reduce power to idle.
➢ Maintain AOB between 20-45 degrees and increase back stick pressure to hold the pitch attitude
➢ At first indication of a stall, stick shaker or airframe buffet, recover with minimal altitude loss
- RELAX (hold), MAX, LEVEL, BALL
Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall)
Power-Off/ELP Stalls
➢ Clean configuration. Slow cruise (150 KIAS) or at IP’s discretion
➢ Clear area
➢ Roll wings level.
- At or below 150 KIAS – Reduce power to 4-6% torque and begin decelerating towards best glide speed, 125 KIAS.
- Above 150 KIAS – reduce power to 4-6% torque and zoom/glide to capture best glide speed, 125KIAS
➢ As airspeed approaches 125 KIAS, lower nose to the 125 KIAS glide attitude. Crosscheck VSI for 1350-1500 fpm sink rate.
➢ Simulate High Key and lower the landing gear
➢ Re-trim for 120-knot glide
➢ Commence a 15-20 AOB turn
➢ Complete the Before Landing Checklist.
➢ Raise the nose to 5-10* nose high until the first indication of stall (buffet/stick shaker)
➢ Recovery
- Maintain the turn or profile ground track
- Lower the pitch attitude to put the prop arc on the horizon (~8o nose low) until 120 KIAS is regained
Spin
Must have stalled AOA and yaw
Spin
➢ Slow cruise configuration (150 KIAS)(Elevator is neutral in this trim).
- Below 22,000 ft MSL and recovered before 10,000 ft MSL. Minimum entry altitude is 13,500ft MSL.
➢ Clear area: “Below”
➢ Power to idle.
➢ Raise the nose to 30 above the horizon.
➢ When gear warning horn activates, SNA should acknowledge the horn however the IP shall silence the horn prior to spin
entry.
➢ At stick shaker, lead the stall with a slight amount of rudder in the desired direction in the direction as the last clearing turn
➢ When the aircraft stalls, smoothly apply full rudder in the direction of spin and full back-stick.
➢ Call out altitude, AOA, airspeed, turn needle deflection/direction.
➢ Upon recognition of the incipient spin, initiate the INADVERTENT DEPARTURE FROM CONTROLLED FLIGHT Procedure. - PCL – IDLE - CONTROLS – NEUTRAL - ALTITUDE – CHECK - RECOVER FROM UNUSUAL ATTITUDE
Landing Attitude Stall
Landing Attitude Stalls
➢ Simulated final approach 5-10 KIAS above final approach speed with gear down/appropriate flaps
➢ Before Landing Checklist
➢ Clear Area
➢ RETARD PCL TO IDLE and execute a simulated landing transition.
➢ Hold the landing attitude (~8 nose high) until first stall indication (buffet/stick shaker).
➢ Recover with minimal altitude loss: RELAX (hold), MAX, LEVEL, BALL
Slow Flight
Slow Flight
➢ Above 6,000’ AGL, Slow to 150 KIAS, Gear Down
➢ PSA and Before Landing Checklist
➢ Clear Area
➢ Lower Landing Flaps
➢Reduce airspeed to 85 KIAS and set 45% Q
➢ Complete two 30* AOB turns for 180 heading change (Add power as req,)
➢ Advance power to MAX
➢ Airspeed below 150, raise gear and flaps to T/O, AS above 110 flaps up and report
➢Accelerate to normal cruise
G Ex
➢Configure: Normal Cruise/Clean
➢ Checklist: PSA
➢Clear: During maneuver
➢ Airspeed 200-220
➢ Power to Max
➢ Roll to 70-80* AOB, allow nose to drop slightly below horizon
➢ Pause momentarily and smoothly pull to increase G’s to 4.0 for 4-5 breathing cycles
➢ Terminate by rolling wings level and pull to prevent asymmetric G’s
SCATSAFE
Configure: 150 gear down
Checklist: PSA and Before Landing
Clear: Visual scans, TCAS, Turns
- Lower Landing Flapsm slow to 80 KIAS, 45% torque
S: Straight and Level C: Coordination Exercise A: Adverse Yaw T: Torque and Turns S: Steep Turns A: Abrubt Control Movement F: Flap Retraction E: Effectiveness of Controls
PEL/P
➢ TURN
- Towards nearest suitable runway
- Consider an off duty runway
➢ CLIMB
- At 125 KIAS
- Power as required for emergency situation
- Add 100’ for every 1000’ of runway to climb before beginning of runway – helps hit LK at right altitude
➢ CLEAN
-Gear UP and Flaps UP → “Gear up, flaps up at ___ knots.”
➢ CHECK
- Aircraft and engine instruments
- Conduct systematic check for secondary indications of pending engine failure
➢ DETERMINE
- Intended runway – verify with instructor
➢ DELIVER
- Simulated ISPI voice report to Instructor – ICS
➢ REDUCE
- Continue climb until DEGA reached for low key
- PCL – 4-6%
- Lower nose to 125 KIAS glide attitude
➢ LOWER
- Landing Gear
➢ REPORT
- Before Landing Checklist
- 120 KIAS, re-trim
➢ Arrive at Pattern Low Key
- 120 KIAS
- Gear Down
- 2/3 WTD
➢ Complete the maneuver as last half of PEL/ELP
PEL/ELP (At HK)
High Key:
- 125, Gear down
- 2500-3000’ AGL above 1/3 point on RW, 1/4 WTD
- Turn to low key
- Pitch for 120
- Call
Approaching Low Key:
- Arrive 2/3 WTD abeam intended TD point
- Level wings momentarily to confirm
Low Key:
- 1500’, 120 KIAS
- Set flaps TO (as required)
- Call
- Power as required (PEL).
- Continue turn to base key
- Before Landing Checklist on descent
Base Key:
- 600-800’ AGL
- 120 KIAS min
- Flaps as required (LDG once landing is assured)
Final:
- Maintain 110 min
- ICS Call (Gear down, lights checked)
Slip (wings level)
➢ From wings level
- Lower one wing while applying opposite (top) rudder pressure
- Select a reference point on horizon and adjust rudder pressure and/or AOB to maintain the desired ground track. Full rudder deflection not required.
- If full rudder deflection is used, remain below 150 KIAS.
➢ To recover
- Smoothly roll wings toward level while reducing rudder pressure.
Contact Unusual Attitudes
Nose-Low Recovery
- Roll wings level to the nearest horizon while SIMULTANEOUSLY reducing PCL to IDLE
- Use speed brake as required
- Do NOT exceed 316 KIAS
- Accomplish AGSM as G-loading will increase
- With nose on/slightly above the horizon, check oil pressure is normal then reset power as required
Contact Unusual Attitudes: Nose-High Recovery
- PCL – MAX and roll past 90º AOB
- Use back stick pressure to bring nose of the aircraft down to nearest horizon (could be inverted)
- As nose approaches horizon, roll to upright attitude
- NOTE: Do not push stick forward to induce zero/negative g flight
- If airspeed is low, nose can be allowed to drop below horizon until airspeed is sufficient.
- When airspeed is sufficient, roll wings level, raise the nose, and check for normal oil pressure, and use power as required to recover to level flight
- DO NOT be too aggressive when pulling to the horizon or pulling up from nose-low (could cause a stall)
- Observe system limitations when operating near zero-G (5 seconds)
