Constituents Flashcards
Methyl Chavicol (Estragole)
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) PHENOL
2) - Antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle of genitourinary tract and GI tract.
- Blocks skeletal muscle contractions
- Anti-infectious
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
—-
Phenols generally…
- Powerful anti-bacterials and antioxidants
- circulatory stimulants
- rubifacients
- anti-infectious
- have been shown to lower cholesterol
- acids, therefore skin irritants (usually quite hot feeling); therefore use with caution and always dilute
Linalool
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENOL
2) - Sedative
- Anxiolytic
- Analgesic
- Anti-inflammatory
- Kills Mites and Ticks
—-
MONOTERPENOLS generally are…
- anti-infectious
- analgesic
- anti-spasmodic
- generally stimulating; however, when linalool is present, highly sedating
Beta-caryophyllene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) SESQUITERPENE
2) - Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Anxiolytic
- Reduces stomach cell damage in rats induced with alcohol poisoning (gastroprotective)
—— SESQUITERPENES generally are... - anti-inflammatory - anti-spasmodic - immune stimulating - anti-allergenic - circulatory and lymphatic stimulants - calming and soothing to the nervous system - analgesic - antiviral
Limonene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENE
2) - Enhances Fat Metabolism
- Tumour preventive
- Tends to dry skin and mucous membranes
- Gastroprotective
- Increases levels of detoxifying enzymes in the liver and small intestine - In particular, the glutathione S-transferase (GST) system is increased by Limonene (Protects cell DNA and proteins from damage by carcinogens and other chemicals).
—-
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Linalyl Acetate
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) ESTER
2) - Antispasmodic
- Sedating
- Balancing to the nervous and neuroendocrine system
—-
ESTERS generally are…
- anti-inflammatory
- anti-spasmodic
- antifungal
- direct effect on the CNS, relaxing/balancing
- release muscular and nervous tension
- soothing to dermal irritation
Germacrene-D
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) SESQUITERPENE
2) - Antimicrobial
- Insecticidal
- Anti-inflammatory (esp for insect bites/stings)
- Antihistamine (“ “)
—-
SESQUITERPENES generally are…
- anti-inflammatory
- anti-spasmodic
- immune stimulating
- anti-allergenic
- circulatory and lymphatic stimulants
- calming and soothing to the nervous system
- analgesic
- antiviral
1,8 - Cineole
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) OXIDE
2) - noted antiviral activity
- antitussive
- bronchodilator
- strong anti-spasmodic properties
- anti-inflammatory effects on the airways
- protective to G.I. tract
- may cause CNS depression (drowsiness), hypotension, and slowing of heart rate (and breathing rate in children) in higher doses
Alpha-pinene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) Monoterpene
2) - anti-inflammatory
- anti-viral
- antiseptic
- analgesic
- rubifacient
- decongestant
- one of the most common compounds found in nature
- highly prone to oxidation
—-
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Citronellal
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) ALDEHYDE
2) - calming and sedating
- useful for managing opportunistic fungal infections in individuals that are immune-compromised.
- anti-infectious, analgesic, antispasmodic
——
- calming to the nervous system
- anti-inflammatory
- vasodilators
- may lower blood sugar
- antifungal
- antimicrobial
- quite strong skin irritants
- highly susceptible to oxidation
Citronellol
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) Monoterpenol
2) - found to be an effective analgesic in several pain models, with its action probably due to inhibition of peripheral modulators as well as central inhibitory mechanisms that could be related to its strong antioxidant effect observed in vitro.
- antimicrobial
- antiviral
- sedative
——
MONOTERPENOLS generally are…
- anti-infectious
- analgesic
- anti-spasmodic
- generally stimulating; however, when linalool is present, highly sedating
Citronellyl acetate
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) ESTER
2) - analgesic
- anti-inflammatory
- balancing to the sympathetic nervous system
- sedative
—-
ESTERS generally are…
- anti-inflammatory
- anti-spasmodic
- antifungal
- direct effect on the CNS, relaxing/balancing
- release muscular and nervous tension
- soothing to dermal irritation
Beta-Eudesmol
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) SESQUITERPENOL
2) - anti-platelet activity in vitro
- anti-hepatotoxic effects in rat hepatocyte cells
- inhibits growth of in vitro liver cancer cells
CI: ingestion of oils high in this constituent in conjunction with anticoagulant drugs, surgery, childbirth, peptic ulcers and bleeding disorders.
—-
SESQUITERPENOLS are generally…
- anti-inflammatory
- anti-phlogistic (cools a fever)
- antiviral
- soothing to inflamed tissues
- tone muscles and nerves
- reduce congestion of veins and the lymphatic system
- anti-microbial
- calm emotions
- help with hormone imbalance
Alpha-terpineol
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENOL
2) - anti-infectious
- antifungal
- analgesic
- induces slight anaesthetic effect, feels cold on the skin
—-
MONOTERPENOLS generally are…
- anti-infectious
- analgesic
- anti-spasmodic
- generally stimulating; however, when linalool is present, highly sedating
Alpha-phellandrene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENE
2) - tonic effect on the skin, but can cause skin irritation in sensitive skin
- helps to dry mucus conditions
- has a warming effect on the skin
- helpful in cases of inflammation
—-
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Terpinen-4-ol
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENOL
2) - strong antibacterial and antifungal
- mild on skin
- active against E. coli, S aureus, P aeruginosa, and Candida albicans
Beta-Myrcene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENE
2) - tonic for mucous membranes
- decongestant
- eases nasal and mucous membrane discomfort
- anti-oxidant
- antimicrobial
—-
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Beta-pinene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENE
2) - stimulant
- antiviral
- antitumoral
- decongestant
- antibacterial
- hepato-protectant
—-
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Gamma-terpinene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENE
2) - strong antioxidant properties
- drying, astringent effect on mucous membranes
—-
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Myrcene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENE
2) - tonic for mucous membranes
- eases nasal and mucous membrane discomfort
- antioxidant
- antimicrobial
—-
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Beta-bisabolene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) SESQUITERPENE
2) - insect pheromone
- mild anti-inflammatory properties
—-
SESQUITERPENES generally are…
- anti-inflammatory
- anti-spasmodic
- immune stimulating
- anti-allergenic
- circulatory and lymphatic stimulants
- calming and soothing to the nervous system
- analgesic
- antiviral
Delta-3-Carene
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) MONOTERPENE
2) - drying effect on skin and mucous membranes
- helpful for respiratory infections and conditions
- May cause irritation, but dose-dependent
—
MONOTERPENES are generally…
- analgesic
- antiseptic
- antiviral
- decongestant
- lymphatic tonics
- general tonics
- stimulants
- easily oxidized
Camphor
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) KETONE
2) - potentially neurotoxic
- effective for respiratory conditions, expectorant, mucolytic
- analgesic
- anti-spasmodic
- rubifacient
- wound healing
- vasodilator (relaxes smooth muscles)
- research shows can alleviate haemorrhoid inflammation and bleeding
- may be a skin irritant
- may be toxic to liver and kidneys
- should not be used on children under five years of age
—-
KETONES generally are…
- powerful expectorants
- respiratory tonics
- mucolytic
- anti-microbial
- wound healing
- skin cell regenerators
- analgesic
- potentially neurotoxic
Alpha-Thujone
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) KETONE
2) - potentially neurotoxic when ingested
- dermal application unlikely to yield problematic dosages
- blocks gamma-amino butyric acid receptors in the brain, causing an over-excitation of neurons (but requires very large doses, not common for human consumption)
- reduces mucosal secretions in both respiratory and genito-urinary infections
- wound and burn-healing
- cicatrisant
- suggested that ketones in general prevent cheloid formation and overproduction of scar tissue
- helpful in arresting conditions related to the papilloma virus, herpes, and other viruses that attack the nervous system such as shingles
—-
KETONES generally are…
- powerful expectorants
- respiratory tonics
- mucolytic
- anti-microbial
- wound healing
- skin cell regenerators
- analgesic
- potentially neurotoxic
Beta-Thujone
1) Constituent Family
2) Properties
1) KETONE
2) - potentially neurotoxic when ingested
- dermal application unlikely to yield problematic dosages
- blocks gamma-amino butyric acid receptors in the brain, causing an over-excitation of neurons (but requires very large doses, not common for human consumption)
- reduces mucosal secretions in both respiratory and genito-urinary infections
- wound and burn-healing
- cicatrisant
- suggested that ketones in general prevent cheloid formation and overproduction of scar tissue
- helpful in arresting conditions related to the papilloma virus, herpes, and other viruses that attack the nervous system such as shingles
—-
KETONES generally are…
- powerful expectorants
- respiratory tonics
- mucolytic
- anti-microbial
- wound healing
- skin cell regenerators
- analgesic
- potentially neurotoxic
