constipation and diarrhoea

Question 1

codeine phosphate in chronic diarrhoea

Answer 1

bad idea as can be addictive

Question 2

how does codeine phosphate

Answer 2

mu receptor in GI to decrease the peristalsis and constrict the sphincters

Question 3

Loperamide is an anti…

Answer 3

motility agent

Question 4

Loperamide class

Answer 4

non-selective calcium channel blocker

Question 5

Loperamide binds to

Answer 5

opioid mu-receptors

Question 6

Loperamide where is the receptors it binds to

Answer 6

myenteric plexus large intestine

Question 7

Loperamide works by

Answer 7

Decreases the activity of the myenteric plexus which decreases the motility of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscles of the intestinal wall.
Suppresses the gastrocolic reflex.

Question 8

Loperamide used in

Answer 8

onspecific diarrhoea

IBD (adults only)

Question 9

gastrocolic reflex

Answer 9

act of eating stimulates movement in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 10

Loperamide agonist or antagonist

Answer 10

agonist

Question 11

Loperamide avoid in

Answer 11

active UC

Question 12

Loperamide bad side effect

Answer 12

Paralytic ileus

Question 13

Paralytic ileus

Answer 13

Obstruction of the intestine due to paralysis of the intestinal muscles

Question 14

Diphenoxylate

Answer 14

opiate receptor agonists

Question 15

Macrogols work by

Answer 15

causing excess water to be retained in the stool, stimulating a bowel movement

Question 16

Macrogols are for

Answer 16

chronic constipation

Question 17

Ispaghula husk class

Answer 17

Bulk forming laxative

Question 18

Ispaghula husk works because

Answer 18

cannot be brokendown in the gut, and therefore acts to add bulk to the stool

Question 19

Senna active metabolite

Answer 19

rheinanthrone

Question 20

how does senna work

Answer 20

increase COX2 expression in macrophage cells = increase in prostaglandin E2 = decrease in aquaporin 3 expression in mucosal epithelial cells of the large intestine this is restricting water reabsorption by the large intestine thereby increasing fecal water content.

Question 21

lactulose class

Answer 21

Osmotic Laxative

Question 22

what is lactulose

Answer 22

synthetic sugar

Question 23

lactulose is broken into

Answer 23

lactic acid

Question 24

sodium picosulphate is used for

Answer 24

bowel prep

Question 25

sodium picosulphate class

Answer 25

stimulant laxative