Connective Tissues Flashcards
How do you classify connective tissues?
embryonic and mature
What type of connective tissue is mesenchyme? Give examples
embryonic: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
What type of connective tissue is mucous connective tissue? Give example
embryonic: umbillical cord
What are the six types of mature connective tissue?
loose, dense, cartilage, bone, blood, lymph
When in life is mature connective tissue present? Where is it developed?
present after birth, developed from the mesenchyme
What are the three types of loose connective tissue?
areolar, adipose, reticular
Which type of loose connective tissue is the most widely distributed?
areolar
Adipocyte have one single ___________ droplet
triglyceride
What loose connective tissue is the stroma of organs, for example, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes?
reticular
What are the three types of dense connective tissue?
dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
What is dense regular tissue?
collagen arranged in bundles
What is dense irregular tissue?
collagen arranged irregularly
What is elastic dense connective tissue?
contains elastic fibres
Give 3 examples of dense regular tissue
forms tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
Give 3 examples of dense irregular tissue
forms muscle fascia, fibrous pericardium, periosteum
Give 4 examples of elastic dense connective tissue
lung, artery, trachea, bronchial tubes
What is cartilage?
a dense network of collagen and elastic fibres embedded in chondroitin sulfate
What gives cartilage its strength?
collagen
What gives cartilage its resilience and allows it to re-assume its original shape after deformity?
chondroitin
What are cartilage cells called?
chondrocytes
Where do chondrocytes occur?
within spaces called lacunae in the matrix
What is the surface of most cartilage covered by? What does it contain? Are there exceptions?
perichondrium which contains BV and nerves. Exceptions: articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage
What are the functions of cartilage?
plays important role as supporting tissue and is the precursor of bone and growth plates within bones
True or false: cartilage is a relatively active tissue, grows quickly and repair proceeds quickly
False: cartilage is a relatively INACTIVE tissue, grows SLOWLY and repair proceeds SLOWLY
What are the two patterns of cartilage growth?
interstitial and oppositional
Describe interstitial cartilage growth
occurs during childhood and adolescence, the expansion occurs from within like bread rising
Describe oppositional cartilage growth
starts later and continues through adolescence, growth occurs at outer surface and the cells of the perichondrium differentiate into chondroblasts
Does cartilage have nerves and blood vessels?
no
Why doesn’t cartilage have blood vessels?
secretes a substance preventing blood vessel growth
What are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic
What is the most abundant types of cartilage?
hyaline
Where is hyaline cartilage located?
ends of long bones, costal cartilage, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, embryonic and fetal skeleton
What is the weakest type of cartilage? Why?
hyaline has no fibres in the matrix
In what type of cartilage are the chondrocytes located among bundles of collagen fibers?
fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage lacks perichondrium
fibrocartilage
Where is fibrocartilage present?
pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci
What is the strongest type of cartilage?
fibrocartilage
In what type of cartilage are the chondrocytes placed in a threadlike network of elastic fibers?
elastic cartilage
In elastic cartilage is the perichondrium present?
yes
Where is elastic cartilage present?
epiglottis, external ear
What tissues are bones composed of?
Osseous tissue, periosteum, red and yellow bone marrow, endosteum
What are the 4 types of cells that osseous tissue contains?
osteoprogenitor cells, osteopblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
What do osteoprogenitor cells do?
bone stem cells able to differentiate into the other types of cells
What do osteoblasts do?
bone-building cells that secrete matrix
What are osteocytes?
mature bone cells
What do osteoclasts do?
remodel bones and cause them to release calcium
How do yo classify bones?
compact and spongey
What is the basic unit of compact bone?
osteon
What are the 4 parts of osteons?
lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, central canal (haversian canal
What are lamellae?
a part of an osteon that is concentric rings of mineral
What are lacunae?
a part of an osteon that arenspaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
What are canaliculi?
a part of an osteon that are routes for nutrients and waste exchange for osteocytes
What is a central canal?
part of an osteon that contains blood vessels
What is spongy bone also known as?
cancellous
Spongy bone consists of columns of bone called____________ that contains:_______,_________,_______
Spongy bone consists of columns of bone called TRABECULAE that contains: LAMELLAE, OSTEOCYTES IN LUCUNAE, CANALICULI
What does compact bone have that spongy bone does not?
central canal
How are the osteons aligned in compact bone? What is the result?
aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the diaphysis, provides high resistance
How are osteons in spongy bone aligned?culae
does not contain osteons, consists of trabeculae
What is the periosteum
a tough connective tissue sheath and associated blood supply covering the bone except the articulating surfaces
What is the periosteum composed of?
outer fibrous layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue, and inner osteogenic layer composed of cells that enable bone thickeness growth
How does the periosteum protect the bone?
by attaching to it by perforating fibres
Other than protecting the bone, what are the functions of the periosteum?
assists in fracture repair, helps nourishing the bone, serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons
What is the endosteum
lines the medullary cavity, a single layer of bone forming cells that contribute to the thickening of the bone
Describe yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue occupying the marrow cavity within the diaphysis, stores triglycerides as potential chemical energy reserve, contributes minimizing weight of long bones without compromising strength
Describe red bone marrow
connective tissue that generates the blood cells via hemopoiesis, consists of developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and marcrophages within a network of reticular fibres
What bones is red bone marrow present?
hip, sternum, vertebral bodies, ribs, skull
Does an infant skeleton (<1yr) contain only red or only yellow bone marrow?
red
