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A + P 1 After Midterm > Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

How do you classify connective tissues?

A

embryonic and mature

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2
Q

What type of connective tissue is mesenchyme? Give examples

A

embryonic: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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3
Q

What type of connective tissue is mucous connective tissue? Give example

A

embryonic: umbillical cord

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4
Q

What are the six types of mature connective tissue?

A

loose, dense, cartilage, bone, blood, lymph

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5
Q

When in life is mature connective tissue present? Where is it developed?

A

present after birth, developed from the mesenchyme

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6
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A

areolar, adipose, reticular

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7
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue is the most widely distributed?

A

areolar

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8
Q

Adipocyte have one single ___________ droplet

A

triglyceride

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9
Q

What loose connective tissue is the stroma of organs, for example, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes?

A

reticular

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10
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

A

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

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11
Q

What is dense regular tissue?

A

collagen arranged in bundles

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12
Q

What is dense irregular tissue?

A

collagen arranged irregularly

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13
Q

What is elastic dense connective tissue?

A

contains elastic fibres

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14
Q

Give 3 examples of dense regular tissue

A

forms tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

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15
Q

Give 3 examples of dense irregular tissue

A

forms muscle fascia, fibrous pericardium, periosteum

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16
Q

Give 4 examples of elastic dense connective tissue

A

lung, artery, trachea, bronchial tubes

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17
Q

What is cartilage?

A

a dense network of collagen and elastic fibres embedded in chondroitin sulfate

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18
Q

What gives cartilage its strength?

A

collagen

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19
Q

What gives cartilage its resilience and allows it to re-assume its original shape after deformity?

A

chondroitin

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20
Q

What are cartilage cells called?

A

chondrocytes

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21
Q

Where do chondrocytes occur?

A

within spaces called lacunae in the matrix

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22
Q

What is the surface of most cartilage covered by? What does it contain? Are there exceptions?

A

perichondrium which contains BV and nerves. Exceptions: articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage

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23
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A

plays important role as supporting tissue and is the precursor of bone and growth plates within bones

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24
Q

True or false: cartilage is a relatively active tissue, grows quickly and repair proceeds quickly

A

False: cartilage is a relatively INACTIVE tissue, grows SLOWLY and repair proceeds SLOWLY

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25
Q

What are the two patterns of cartilage growth?

A

interstitial and oppositional

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26
Q

Describe interstitial cartilage growth

A

occurs during childhood and adolescence, the expansion occurs from within like bread rising

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27
Q

Describe oppositional cartilage growth

A

starts later and continues through adolescence, growth occurs at outer surface and the cells of the perichondrium differentiate into chondroblasts

28
Q

Does cartilage have nerves and blood vessels?

A

no

29
Q

Why doesn’t cartilage have blood vessels?

A

secretes a substance preventing blood vessel growth

30
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic

31
Q

What is the most abundant types of cartilage?

A

hyaline

32
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located?

A

ends of long bones, costal cartilage, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, embryonic and fetal skeleton

33
Q

What is the weakest type of cartilage? Why?

A

hyaline has no fibres in the matrix

34
Q

In what type of cartilage are the chondrocytes located among bundles of collagen fibers?

A

fibrocartilage

35
Q

What type of cartilage lacks perichondrium

A

fibrocartilage

36
Q

Where is fibrocartilage present?

A

pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci

37
Q

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage

38
Q

In what type of cartilage are the chondrocytes placed in a threadlike network of elastic fibers?

A

elastic cartilage

39
Q

In elastic cartilage is the perichondrium present?

A

yes

40
Q

Where is elastic cartilage present?

A

epiglottis, external ear

41
Q

What tissues are bones composed of?

A

Osseous tissue, periosteum, red and yellow bone marrow, endosteum

42
Q

What are the 4 types of cells that osseous tissue contains?

A

osteoprogenitor cells, osteopblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

43
Q

What do osteoprogenitor cells do?

A

bone stem cells able to differentiate into the other types of cells

44
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

bone-building cells that secrete matrix

45
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells

46
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

remodel bones and cause them to release calcium

47
Q

How do yo classify bones?

A

compact and spongey

48
Q

What is the basic unit of compact bone?

A

osteon

49
Q

What are the 4 parts of osteons?

A

lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, central canal (haversian canal

50
Q

What are lamellae?

A

a part of an osteon that is concentric rings of mineral

51
Q

What are lacunae?

A

a part of an osteon that arenspaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

52
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

a part of an osteon that are routes for nutrients and waste exchange for osteocytes

53
Q

What is a central canal?

A

part of an osteon that contains blood vessels

54
Q

What is spongy bone also known as?

A

cancellous

55
Q

Spongy bone consists of columns of bone called____________ that contains:_______,_________,_______

A

Spongy bone consists of columns of bone called TRABECULAE that contains: LAMELLAE, OSTEOCYTES IN LUCUNAE, CANALICULI

56
Q

What does compact bone have that spongy bone does not?

A

central canal

57
Q

How are the osteons aligned in compact bone? What is the result?

A

aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the diaphysis, provides high resistance

58
Q

How are osteons in spongy bone aligned?culae

A

does not contain osteons, consists of trabeculae

59
Q

What is the periosteum

A

a tough connective tissue sheath and associated blood supply covering the bone except the articulating surfaces

60
Q

What is the periosteum composed of?

A

outer fibrous layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue, and inner osteogenic layer composed of cells that enable bone thickeness growth

61
Q

How does the periosteum protect the bone?

A

by attaching to it by perforating fibres

62
Q

Other than protecting the bone, what are the functions of the periosteum?

A

assists in fracture repair, helps nourishing the bone, serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons

63
Q

What is the endosteum

A

lines the medullary cavity, a single layer of bone forming cells that contribute to the thickening of the bone

64
Q

Describe yellow bone marrow

A

fatty tissue occupying the marrow cavity within the diaphysis, stores triglycerides as potential chemical energy reserve, contributes minimizing weight of long bones without compromising strength

65
Q

Describe red bone marrow

A

connective tissue that generates the blood cells via hemopoiesis, consists of developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and marcrophages within a network of reticular fibres

66
Q

What bones is red bone marrow present?

A

hip, sternum, vertebral bodies, ribs, skull

67
Q

Does an infant skeleton (<1yr) contain only red or only yellow bone marrow?

A

red

A + P 1 After Midterm (8 decks)

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