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PT 661 > Connective Tissue (CT) > Flashcards

Connective Tissue (CT) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the roles of CT proper?

A

Maintains and supports structure and communicates
Mediates exchange
plays a role in immune response, inflammation and tissue repair

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2
Q

What are the components of CT Proper?

A

Extracellular Matrix (ECM) & fibers functionally apart of ECM
Cells (resident vs visiting)

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3
Q

What are the two major components of the ECM?

A

ground substance
fibrous proteins embedded throughout the ground substance

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4
Q

What determine the properties of CT?

A

Extracellular matrix

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5
Q

What is ground substance?

A

largely proteoglycans (proteins, GAGs, linked to hyaluronic acid) attract water to create a hydrated gel

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6
Q

What are structural glycoproteins?

A

Connect the compoents of the ECM to each other including the cells and fibers
Fibronectin, fibrillin

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7
Q

What are Type I Collagen Fibers?

A

Most abundant type
found in ligament, tendon, fascia, joint capsules, bone

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8
Q

What is Type I collagen fiber structure?

A

Bundled, cross-linked structure makes it exceptionally strong and resilient to tensile forces

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9
Q

What are the resident cells of CT?

A

Fibrocytes or fibroblasts
Mesenchymal cells

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10
Q

What is the function mesenchymal cells?

A

aka stem cells, differentiate into fibroblasts fro growth or when there is damage to a connective tissue structure

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11
Q

what is the function of fibroblast?

A

responsible for producing and secreting all of the components of the ECM

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12
Q

What are the visiting cells of CT?

A

Macrophage
Mast cell
Plasma cells

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13
Q

What are the function of macrophages?

A

picks up debri
identify foreign substances within tissue and present them to the b lymphocytes (plasma cells)
pro inflammatory; can secrete substances that can start an inflammatory cascade

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14
Q

What are the functions of mast cells?

A

Produce and secrete vasoactive types of substances; starting an allergic response Cause blood vessels to dilate and causes localized swelling
Heparin: anticoagulant, makes blood within vessels thinner

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15
Q

what are the function of plasma cells?

A

Produce antibodies

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Loose CT?

A

most abundant CT proper, sparse fibers, fat cells, blood vessels, increased cells and ground substance

17
Q

What is the function of Loose CT?

A

Fluid nature makes it easy for visiting cells to diffuse in and out of blood vessels and into surrounding tissue
Space occupying protective tissue (shock absorbing)

18
Q

what are the characteristics of dense irregular CT?

A

densely packed with Type 1 collagen (multidirectional arranged) some elastic fibers as well

19
Q

What are the functions of dense irregular CT?

A

Withstand tension form different directions but also somewhat flexible

20
Q

What are the functions of dense regular CT?

A

To provide maximum tensile strength; resist pull

21
Q

What are the characters of dense regular CT?

A

highly packed fibers within the ECM

22
Q

Where is Dense Irregular CT found?

A

Found in dermal layer, sheaths around tendons, bursa and nerves

23
Q

Where is Dense Regular CT Found?

A

Found in ligaments, musculotendinous units, and aponeuroses

24
Q

What does the Hierachical Structure of Collagen within tendon emphasize?

A

The collagen fibers need to be able to both resist very efficiently the tendon that is being created by the muscle and be able to pull on the bone levers

25
Q

What disorders are caused by elastic fibers?

A

Can be damaged by UV light (affects skin elasticity)
Loss of elastin in respiratory system causes emphysema

26
Q

what disorders are caused by Collagen fibers?

A

Ethlers-Danlos Syndrome
osteogenesis imperfect

27
Q

What re the most common clinical symptoms of Ethlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

joint hyper mobility and skin hyper elasticity

28
Q

what assessment is used to test for Ethlers-Danlos Syndrome?

A

Beighton scale

29
Q

What is the most common symptom of osteogenesis imperfect?

A

blue sclera, weak joints

30
Q

What are examples of CT Proper?

A

Loose (areolar)
Dense: irregular/regular

31
Q

What are examples of specialized CT?

A

adipose
cartilage
bone
hematopoietic tissue in bone marrow

PT 661 (11 decks)

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