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PT 661 > Basic Concept of Pharmacology > Flashcards

Basic Concept of Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the FDA?

A

Approval
Regulation
Classification

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2
Q

What is the approval stage?

A

safety and efficacy

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3
Q

What is regulation stage?

A

have to go through levels of studies to approve if suitable for humans

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4
Q

What is the classification stage?

A

Prescription (Rx) vs Over the counter (OTC)

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5
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

the study of how the body absorbs, distributes and eliminates a drug

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6
Q

what is pharmacodynamics?

A

study of the effect of drugs and their mechanisms of action

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7
Q

what is the site of action?

A

location where a drug exerts its effect

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action?

A

how a drug produces its effects

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9
Q

What is the receptor site?

A

site on a cell where a drug exerts its effects

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10
Q

How is Pharmcodynamics studied?

A

Dose-response
curve and maximal efficacy
potency
drug safety and therapeutic index
drug selectivity and side effects (adverse effects)

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11
Q

What is the dose-response curve and efficacy?

A

response of a drug proportional to dose

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12
Q

What is dose?

A

amount of drug administered in order to produce a specific effect

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13
Q

What is potency?

A

measure of strength or concentration of a drug required to produce a specific effect

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14
Q

What is drug safety?

A

median effective and toxic doses

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15
Q

How do you calculate Therapeutic index (TI)?

A

Median toxic dose TD50/ median beneficial dose ED50

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16
Q

What is selective?

A

it affects only one type of cell or tissue and produces a specific response and not bind to a different receptor on that same tissue type

17
Q

what is non-selective?

A

binds to everywhere on a particular receptor type

18
Q

what is pharmacokinetics?

A

how the body processes the drugs

19
Q

What are the three main phases of consuming a drug?

A

Absorption
Distribution
elimination

20
Q

What is distribution?

A

storage and redistribution

21
Q

what is elimination?

A

Metabolism & execretion

22
Q

What are the routes of adminstration?

A

enteral
Parenteral

23
Q

What is the enteral route?

A

put into mouth (oral); first pass effect (bypasses GI tract)
buccal (cheek), sublingual (under the tongue) and rectal (anus)

24
Q

what is the parenteral route?

A

need a vehicle to introduce drug into body
Inhalation, intranasal (nose) , injection (IV, IM or intrathecal, epidural), topical (skin), transdermal (across skin electricity or ultrasound

25
Q

How does the drug move across membrane?

A

Passive diffusion
active transport
facilitated diffusion
endocytosis and exocytosis

26
Q

What are the factors affecting absorption and distribution?

A

Properties of the drug
Endogenous carriers
endogenous barriers
physical therapy

27
Q

What are properties of drugs?

A

lipid soluble: faster to absorb
water soluble: longer to absorb

28
Q

what are endogenous carriers?

A

facilitated transport; substances innate in our body

29
Q

what are endogenous barriers?

A

within the body to obstruct a drugs’s ability to get across from side of the cell into another

30
Q

How does physical therapy affect absorption and distribution?

A

modalities
excercise heats up system increases diffusion rates
heat tissue or ice tissue to speed or slow down diffusion rate

31
Q

What are the drug storage sites?

A

adipose (fat), bone marrow, muscle, organs

32
Q

What are adverse consequences?

A

toxic levels

33
Q

Where do we excrete?

A

renal, respiratory

34
Q

What is clearance?

A

body’s ability to remove the drug from bloodstream

35
Q

what is clearance determined by?

A

determined by rate of blood flow and the ability in particular the kidneys to excrete or move the remaining drug

36
Q

What is half life?

A

50% of the remaining drug to be eliminated from the body

37
Q

What factors affect Pharmacokinetics?

A

genetics
disease
drug interaction
age
diet (grapefruit juice, wine cheese)
sex
other factors

PT 661 (11 decks)

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