Connective Tissue Flashcards
What composes the extracellular matrix?
- Fibers
- Ground substance
What is the function of connective tissue?
Provide structural and metabolic support for the other tissues and organs.
What are the 5 different types of connective tissue?
- Fibrous connective tissue
- Adipose tissue
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
Which cells compose the connective tissue?
- Mast cells
- Fibroblast
- Histocytes
- Adipose cells
- Reticular cells
- Osteoblast/cytes
- Chondroblast/cytes
- Blood cells
What is the purpose of elastic fibre?
Allows stretching in tissue
What is the purpose of reticular fibres?
Delicate supporting framework for cellular organs
What is the purpose of collagen?
- strength
What composes type 1 collagen?
- Tendon
- bone
- adult skin
- aorta
What composes type 2 collagen?
- Cartilage
- Intervertebral discs
What composes type 3 collagen?
- Newborn skin
- Aorta
- Lung
- Liver
- Spleen
- Kidney
What composes type 4 collagen?
- Basement membrane
What is ground substance?
Transparent semi-fluid mucopolysaccharide gel
How can ground substance be stained?
Carbohydrate Staining
What composes basement membrane?
- Epithelial cells
- Type 4 collagen
- glycoproteins
- proteoglycans
Which staining techniques would you use to stain collagen?
Masson trichrome
Which staining techniques would you use to stain Elastic?
Verhoeff Van Gieson
Which staining techniques would you use to stain Reticulin?
- Gordon and Sweet’s
- Silver impregnation
Which staining techniques would you use to stain basement membrane?
PAS
Which staining techniques would you use to stain mast cells?
Toludine Blue
What is the purpose of Masson Trichrome?
demonstrating collagen and fibrotic changes
What is the theory behind Masson Trichrome?
Smaller molecules dye the less porous tissue and Larger -> larger pores
What is the idea fixative to use for Masson Trichrome?
10% NBF, however it must be post mordant in Bouin’s or Zenker’s
What is the purpose of using Weigert hematoxylin instead of alum hematoxylin in Masson Trichrome?
Stronger chemical union
What is PMA/PTA in Masson Trichrome?
Mordant differentiator
Which counter stains can be used in Masson Trichrome?
- Blue
- Green (best for large amounts)
What will nuclei look like following Masson Trichrome?
Blue / Black
What will Muscle, cytoplasm and RBC look like following Masson Trichrome?
Red
What will Collagen look like following Masson Trichrome?
Green / Blue
What is the theory behind Verhoeff van Gieson?
- Hydrogen bonding
Which fixative is best for Verhoeff Van Gieson?
- AWFT
- NBF
- Zenker’s
In Verhoeff Van Gieson what is the purpose of ferric chloride?
Mordant and Oxidizer
In Verhoeff Van Gieson what is the purpose of hypo?
Remove the excess iodine
In Verhoeff Van Gieson what is the purpose of verhoeff’s iodine?
oxidizer and Trapping agent
What will nuclei look like following Verhoeff Van Gieson?
Blue / Black
What will Elastic fibers look like following Verhoeff Van Gieson?
Blue / Black
What will collagen look like following Verhoeff Van Gieson?
Red
What will cytoplasm, muscle and look like following Verhoeff Van Gieson?
Yellow
What are the three main components of the dye in Gamori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin?
- Rosanaline
- Pararosaniline
- Basic Fuchsin (Magenta)
What is the purpose of Gamori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin?
To stain;
- elastic fibers
- Mast cell granules
- Mucins
- Endocrine cells
What is the method in which Gamori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin works?
Indirect staining
Which counterstains can be used for Gamori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin?
- Light green
- Van Gieson
What is the result of staining with Gamori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin?
elastic fibers, mast cell granules, mucins, B-cells, pituitary, islet of langerhans
ALL ROYAL PURPLE
everything else will stain based on the counterstain chosen.
What is the preferred fixative of choice for Gamori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin?
NBF
What is the purpose of Toludine blue staining method?
Demonstrate metachromatic tissue elements
What are metachromatic tissues? and how?
Stain a different colour from the dye solution due to pH, dye concentration, temp and presence of water
How are Mast cells different from other metachromatic tissue?
They can undergo alcoholic dehydration due to their stability
What will nuclei look like after staining with toludine blue?
Blue
What will mast cells look like after staining with toludine blue?
red / purple
What is the preferred fixative of choice for toludine blue staining?
NBF
What are the idea tissue sections for QC of mast cells?
- GI tract
- Skin
- Respiratory epithelium
What is the purpose of Gordon and Sweet’s silver impregnation?
Aids in differential diagnosis of tumours based on the location of the reticulum
In carcinomas what will the reticulum look like?
Reticulum supports a nest of tumors
In sarcomas what will reticulum look like?
Mesh like pattern around each tumour
In lymphosarcoma what will the reticulum look like?
Each individual cell is surrounded by reticular fiber
What is the method by which Gordon and Sweet’s works?
Argyrophilic reactions
What is the external reducing agent used in Gordon and Sweet’s?
potassium permanganate
What is the purpose of treating sections with iron alum in Gordon and Sweet’s?
Sensitization step
How is silver reduced to it’s metallic form in Gordon and Sweet’s?
10% Formalin
What will reticulin fibres look like after staining with Gordon and Sweet’s?
Black
What will the background look like after staining with Gordon and Sweet’s?
Red
What is the counter stain used in Gordon and Sweet’s?
Nuclear Fast red
