Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio Path > Congestive heart Failure > Flashcards

Congestive heart Failure Flashcards

0
Q

Types of congestive heart failure?

Pathways of LHF

A

LHF > RHF + BHF > high output HF

⬇️contractility -> LV can’t pump blood into aorta – >
LA dilate + ⬆️ EDV + EDP – >
⬆️ hydrostatic pressure @PV > oncotic pressure ->
Transudate enter interstitium + alveoli = pul. oedema

PV distension + transudation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is congestive heart failure

A

Heart fails to

PUMP properly and EJECT blood

delivered by venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reasons for systolic heart failure

A

Dr him

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Ischaemia
MI -->

⬇️ EF/contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reasons for diastolic dysfunction

A

H(u)RAH

HT – better than sign concentric LVH
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
AV stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy it

– >Impaired relaxation + compliance/filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain clinical features of left heart failure

A

Blow Job Harry Potter

️⬇️contractility -> LV can’t pump blood into aorta – >
LV dilate+⬆️EDV+EDP–>(MV stretch regurg murmur)

⬆️ hydrostatic pressure @PV > oncotic pressure ->
Transudate enter interstitium + alveoli = pul. oedema
–> FLUUUUUIIIDDDD @ alveoli causes:

  1. Bibasilar inspiratory crackles/RALES - expanding alveoli full of fluid
  2. J receptors VAGAL stimulated = rapid shallow breath
  3. Haemosiderin Laden macrophage - RUSTY SPUTUM
  4. Peribronchiolar edema= narrow airway - exp. wheeze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain haemosiderin laden macrophages

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure – >
Pulmonary caps rupture – > RBC enter alveoli –>
RBC phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages – >

XS Fe @macrophage binds to ferritin = Degrade – > haemosiderin rusty coloured sputum

PRUSSIAN BLUE - heart failure cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you see on chest radiograph for LHF

A

Perihilar congestion batwing

Air bronchograms - where visible @brokers/small airways cos fluid surrounds airways

Kerley lines - septal oedema

Fluffy alveolar infiltrates

Congestion @ upper lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea + orthopnoea

A

Supine – >

fluid from INTERSTITIAL space move into VASCULAR component–>

Increased Venus return to
right heart -> Lung -> left heart ->

Left heart can’t handle XS load – >exacerbate pulmonary vascular congestion = PND-sob/orthopnoea

Relief when standing/pillow under head =
⬆️ gravity – >⬇️ Venus return to right heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reasons for right heart failure?

RS MI ChESt PuLP

A

1.Tricuspid/pulmonary valve RRRRegurg
2.L – >R SSSShunt –> ⬆️RV preload =
⬆️ work to pump blood out of RV

MI = myocarditis + RV infarction –> ⬇️contraction

ChESt PuLP
CHronic lung disease, Embolus saddle, STenosis
Pul HTN, LLLLHHHHFFF!!!!!!!!! , PV stenosis
–> ⬆️RV afterload –> ⬆️resistance to flow OUT

Re Strictive cardiomyopathy + concentric RVH

Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Concentric RVH – > RV = non-compliant = can’t fill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common cause of RHF?

For RHF what makes it worse more COPD or primary pulmonary HTN?

A

Left heart failure

COPD >primary PH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of right heart failure

A

⬆️ RV preload, ⬇️ RV contraction,
⬆️ afterload, ⬇️ RV compliance –>

RV can’t pump blood into lung –>

blood pools under pressure @ venous system –>

Central venous VOLUME + pressure increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain the clinical features of right heart failure

A

Volume + venous system = HIGH –>:

Compression of congested liver – >
JVP DDDDDISTENTION = hepatojugular reflex

High pressure blood back up into
hepatic vein – > SINUSOIDS –> portal vein –> AAAAASCITES

stretch tricuspid ring = functional TTTricuspid regurg
S333333333+44444 sounds!!!

High-pressure blood back up into central venules = expand – > hepatocyte necrosis zone 3 ALT AST⬆️ –> HEPATOMEGALY NUTMEG

PERIPHERAL Pitting OOedema cos of high hydrostatic PPPessure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which heart failure as a higher chance of causing cyanosis of mucus membranes?
Explain how this happens

A

RHF >LHF

Blood back up into venous system @RHF – >
⬆️ time for peripheral tissues to extract O2 –>
⬇️O2 sats = CYANOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the risk factors for high output heart failure

A

HyperThyroidism - ⬆️SV
Anemia - blood Viscosity ⬇️
Surgical shunt - AV Fistula

Knife wound - AV Fistula
Endotoxic shock - DILation of arterioles
Paget - AV Fistula
Thiamine⬇️ = ATP - DILation of arterioles

HAS KEPT
SVA ADAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain pathophysiology of high output heart failure

A

Stroke Volume
AV fistula – >skip microcirculation
Viscosity dear Chris
Dilation of arterioles here – >

Increased Venus return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain to chemical biological blood markers that we can use to detect left heart failure

A

ANP + BNP

Blood back up into left atrium = dilate = release ANP dilate afferent/constrict efferent – >️GFR⬆️ ->
Na excretion=diuresis

LHF – > ventricle overloaded – > secret BNP

Cardio Path (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions