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Cardiovascular > Congestive Cardiac Failure > Flashcards

Congestive Cardiac Failure Flashcards

1
Q

NY Heart Association Classification

A
  1. No limitations of physical activity
  2. Mild limitation of physical activity
  3. Marked limitation of physical activity
  4. Inability to carry out physical activity
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2
Q

Risk Factors

A 
History of MI
DM
Dyslipidaemia
Age
Male
HTN
Valvular heart disease
Sleep apnoea
FHx of heart failure
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3
Q

Causes

A

Ischaemic Heart Disease
Hypertension
Valvular Heart Disease
Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

Precipitants for APO

A

Infection
Cardiac ischaemia
Anaemia
Arrhythmia

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5
Q

Left Heart Failure - Signs

A

Pink, frothy sputum
Cardiomegaly
Systemic hypoxia
Cachexia

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6
Q

Left Heart Failure - Symptoms

A

Dyspnoea
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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7
Q

Right Heart Failure - Signs

A

Peripheral oedema
Raised JVP
Hepatomegaly
Ascites

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8
Q

Right Heart Failure - Symptoms

A

Oedema

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9
Q

Investigations

A

Echocardiogram - essential
CXR
ECG
Bloods - FBE, TFT, Troponin, BNP

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10
Q

Chest X-Ray Signs

A

Kerley B lines - sign of APO
Cardiomegaly
Pleural effusions

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11
Q

Acute Pulmonary Oedema Management

A 
LMNOP
Lasix (frusemid)
Morphine
Nitrates
Oxygen
Position/CPAP
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12
Q

CCF Management - Lifestyle

A

Salt and EtOH restriction, smoking cessation, weight reduction, regular exercise

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13
Q

CCF Management - Pharmacological drugs that reduce mortality

A

ACE inhibitors (or AT2RB)
Beta-blockers (chronic disease only)
Spironolactone (potassiums-sparing diuretic)

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14
Q

CCF Management - Pharmacological drugs that provide symptom relief only

A

Loop diuretics
Digoxin
Amiodarone

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15
Q

CCF Management - Surgical

A

Pacemaker

Cardiac transplant

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Cardiovascular (17 decks)

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