Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
S/S of impaired myocardial
Tachycardia inappropriate sweating Decreased CO Pale/ cool extremity weak pulses Decreased BP
S/S of pulmonary congestion
Tachypnea Dyspnea Retractions/Flaring Exercise intolerance Orthopnea Cough/hoarseness Cyanosis Wheezing Grunting
S/S of systemic venous Congestion
Weight gain Hepatomegaly Peripheral edema Ascites JVD
Medication Tx for CHF
Digoxin
ACE inhibitor to decrease PVR and SVR
Diuretic
CHF Tx
Fluid restriction (not in infants)
Don’t use Na restriction in children as much
Eat small, freq meals/feedings
Decreased cardiac demands by limiting activity, infection
Oxygen
S/S of Hypoxemia/Cyanosis
Blue discoloration in the mucous membrane, skin and nail beds
Chronic Hypoxemia
Polycythemia (increased RBC) causes blood thickening and l/t blood clots/stokes
May cause anemia if not enough iron from Hgb
Clubbing
Heart defects with increased pulmonary blood flow. What are the S/S?
PDA ASD VSD AV canal S/S of CHF
Heart defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow. What are the S/S?
TOF
TA (Tricuspid atresia)
TGA or TGV (Transposition of great Vessels)
S/S of Hypoxemia and Cyanosis
Heart defects with Obstructive Lesions. What are the S/S?
AS
PS
CoA
S/S of CHF
S/s of ASD
Asymptomatic CHF Characteristic murmur atrial dysrhythmias May cause emboli formation
S/S of VSD
Characteristic murmur
Risk for bacterial endocarditis
R ventricular hypertrophy
Explain Atrioventricular Canal Defect (AVC)
Low ASD, high VSD and clefts in mitral and tricuspid valves (all for chambers in one).
L/t excessive fluid overload of the pulmonary system
Common in Down’s Syndrome
S/S of PDA
Machinery-like murmur
Widened pulse pressure
High risk for endocarditis
S/S Coarctation of the Aorta CoA
High BP, bounding pulses in the arms
Low BP, weak or absent pulses in legs
