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A Level Aqa Psychology > Conformity Booklet One > Flashcards

Conformity Booklet One Flashcards

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1
Q

What is conformity?

A

A change in a person’s behaviour when faced with real or imagined pressure from a person

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2
Q

What is internalisation?

A

Changing your behaviour to fit a wider social group because you have internalised those beliefs and think they are your own

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3
Q

What is compliance?

A

Correcting your behaviour to fit a wider social group despite your own private thoughts

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4
Q

What is identificiation?

A

Changing the way you act to fit a set of social norms, like a specific position in society.

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5
Q

What is Informational Social Influence (ISI)?

A

An individual who conforms and changes the way they act based on the information gained from or about the wider social group

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6
Q

What is Normative Social Influence (NSI)?

A

When am individual conforms or changes the way they act based on apparent social norms and expected behaviour

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7
Q

What is majority influence?

A

When a person changes their attitude, actions and beliefs to fit in with a larger group

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8
Q

What is a confederate?

A

A ‘non-participant’ who is working for the experimenter to answer in a specific way.

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9
Q

How many male students were involved in the Asch experiment?

A

123 male students

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10
Q

Asch experiment was known as a task of what?

A

Visual perception

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11
Q

How many participants in turn called out which of three lines matched the standard line

A

7-9

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12
Q

How many people were genuine and where were they placed?

A

One and at the end

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13
Q

On how many of the 18 trials did the confederates give an incorrect answer?

A

12/18 trials

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14
Q

What % of the time did the real pp conform to the majority?

A

33%

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15
Q

What % of real pp conformed at least once ?

A

75%

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16
Q

What % of real pp conformed every time?

A

5%

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17
Q

In the control group how much % actually made a mistake?

A

1%

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18
Q

What conclusion was drawn from asch’s research?

A

When pps were interviewed, the majority said they conformed due to NSI but some also conformed to ISI too

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19
Q

What are the two strengths of Asch’s study ?

A

High internal validity and high internal reliability

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20
Q

What is internal validity?

A

Control variables are carried out so a cause and effect can be established

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21
Q

What is internal reliability?

A

A consistent method which can be easily repeated.

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22
Q

What are the 4 weaknesses of Asch’s study?

A

Lacks ecological validity, possible demand characteristics, lacks temporal vaidlity and gender bias

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23
Q

What is ecological validity?

A

Not relevant to real life

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24
Q

What is demand characteristics?

A

An artifical setting - the individual can change their behaviour due to this.

25
Q

What is temporal validity?

A

It’s out dated and may not work again/show same results

26
Q

What is gender bias?

A

Where one gender is only favoured so there is a lack of population validity.

27
Q

What were the Asch’s variations?

A

Size of the majority, unaminity of the group and difficulty of the task.

28
Q

What did Asch do to make the tasks more difficult?

A

He made a difference between the lines much smaller so the ‘correct’ answer was less obvious.

29
Q

What happened to conformity when the task was more difficult?

A

Conformity Increased

30
Q

When the group was unanimous, what happened to conformity?

A

Increased

31
Q

Levels of conformity decreased to what % when a pp dissented from the majority (correct answer)?

A

5%

32
Q

Conformity dropped to what % when another pp gave a different incorrect answer?

A

9%

33
Q

How does the size of the majority effect conformity?

A

There is little conformity when there is less confederates, increased to 30% when majority of 3. Then after 3 plateau

34
Q

What was the aims for zimbardos SPE study?

A

To test the situational versus dispositional explanation of behaviour

35
Q

What did zimbardo firstly set up in the basement of the psychology department of Stan ford University?

A

A mock prison

36
Q

How many student volunteers were selected as emotionally stable?

A

24

37
Q

How was the pps allocated to the role of guard and prisoner?

A

Randomlly

38
Q

Prisoners were given what to wear?

A

A loose smock

39
Q

Prisoners were identified by what?

A

Numbers

40
Q

The guards had their own uniform, a baton, handcuffs and what else?

A

Mirrored sunglasses

41
Q

The uniform created a loss of identity called what

A

De-individuation

42
Q

The guards were told they had to do what over the prisoners?

A

Control

43
Q

Could the guards cause physical harm? Yes or no

A

No

44
Q

Within two days of zimbardos experiment, the prisoners did what?

A

Rebelled

45
Q

Did the guards become harsh to the prisoners? Yes or no

A

Yes

46
Q

Once the rebellion was put down what happened to the prisoners?

A

The became subdued, depressed and anxious

47
Q

A prisoner went on what that lead him to being released and what signs did he show?

A

Hunger strike and signs of psychological disturbance

48
Q

Zimbardo ended the study after how many days instead of the original 14?

A

6 days

49
Q

What did zimbardo conclude that both the prisoners and guards did?

A

They conformed to their social role

50
Q

What explanation of behaviour was supported in Zimbardos experiment?

A

Situational

51
Q

What were the strengths of zimbardos SPE?

A

Moderate ecological validity and moderate internal validity

52
Q

What were the weaknesses of Zimbardos SPE?

A

Ethical issues, possibility of demand characteristics, lacks ecological validity, lacks interns validity and possible investigator effects

53
Q

Asch’s research links to NSI, give the reasons

A

Those who maintained private opinion but ‘went along’ with the group. Conformity decreased with presence of an ally.

54
Q

ISI links to Asch’s research, how?

A

Those who ‘doubted their own eyes’ and thought everyone else must be right. Conformity Increased with difficulty

55
Q

A weakness of Asch’s research is that it was artifical, explain why

A

Pps knew they were being studied so potential of demand characteristics

56
Q

A strength of Asch’s research is that it had controlled lab conditions, explain how

A

Pps were limited to 7-9 each experiment and there was 1 genuine pp and was done inside a laboratory

57
Q

One strength is that there is research support for NSI, explain how

A

Asch interviewed pps after, told him they were self conscious on giving the correct answer, conformity decreased (answers given privately) no normative group pressure.

58
Q

However it is hard to separate ISI, explain how?

A

When Asch added a dissenting pp conformity decreased. They work simultaneously as pp could not conform as dissenter acts as social ally (NSI) or that the dissenter convinces pp that they are correct (ISI)

A Level Aqa Psychology (14 decks)

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