Behaviourism Flashcards
What is behaviourism?
A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable
What is a Stimulus
Something which causes a reaction
What is classical conditioning?
Learning by association. When 2 stimuli are paired together - neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus
What is operant conditioning?
A form of learning where behaviour is performed and maintained through its consequences
What is positive reinforcement?
When a person receives a reward when a certain behaviour is performed
What is negative reinforcement?
An avoidance of unpleasant consequences
What is a punishment?
An unpleasant consequence of behaviour
Behaviour is learnt from what?
The environment
What is born as a blank slate referred to?
Tabula Rasa
Behaviour is a Stimulus and a?
Response
When was the Pavlov study?
1897
What was the method for Pavlov study?
Set up a screen and a unrelated stimulus, and this set off the stimulus
What did the dog do when he saw the food in the Pavlov study?
He salivated
What was used to associate with the food?
A ticking metromome
What conclusion was drawn from Pavlov study?
Animals can be taught things
What evaluation was drawn from Pavlov study
Can be repeated, controlled variables and not subjective
In Little Albert Research what was the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
Loud metallic clang
In Little Albert Research what was the unconditioned response (UCR)?
Fear, crying and terror
In Little Albert Research what was the neutral stimulus?
The White rat
In Little Albert Research what was the conditioned stimulus?
White fluffy things
In Little Albert Research what was the Conditioned response?
Fear, crying and terror
What is UCS?
A Stimulus that produces a reflex action
What is UCR?
An innate, reflex response
What is NS?
A Stimulus which does not naturally produce a response
What is CR?
A learned response
Operant conditioning was introduced by who?
Skinner
Skinner placed what into a box?
A pigeon/rat
What conditions were the rat or pigeon put in the experiment (skinners box)?
Condition 1: lever pulled =food dispensed
Condition 2: electricity passes through floor as punishment, then lever stops this as a reward.
In both conditions what happens as a result?
The animal learns to pull the lever
What conclusion was drawn from skinners box?
Humans can learn when they are rewarded for actions and also learn to avoid unpleasant situations
Give one strength of behaviourism that is linked to learning
Behaviour can be learnt
Operant conditioning is effective because?
It has been used to created token systems in prisons
Operant conditioning is effective because Skinner used?
An experimental method called skinners box (operant conditioning)
Behaviouris deterministic, what does this mean?
It ignores free will which humans believe we have and ignores thoughts felling and others
Behaviouris deterministic, what does this mean?
It ignores free will which humans believe we have and ignores thoughts felling and others
