Conditions of the hoof Flashcards
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What is the role of the digital cushion?
- shock absorbing function - protects the caudal margin of the P3
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What are the causes of ruminant lameness in cattle and sheep?
How do horn ulcers form in cows?
- Combo between lack of support for P3 within the capsule
- Constant pressure of concrete - lack of support from above
- Results in pressure on the corium
- When it is exposed to loading
- Firstly- when first exposed to trauma get calaces- protective response
- When you get overgrowth in axial part of the claw- progressive overloading of the corium
- Mechanisms that are meant to be protective- contributes to path
- Inflam and oedema of the corium
- Take 1-2 months for an insult to become visible on the solar surface
- If that pressure continues - the corium stops producing new horn = horn ulcer (disruption of epidermal layers)
What are these showing?
What are the risk factors for sole haemorrhage/ ulcers?
- coriosis
- suspensory apparatus
- run up to calving- laxity within structures supporting the pedal bone within the hoof capsule
- (hormonal changes)
- leads to greater damage
- Abnormal claw shape
- Cow comfort/ lying times
- Digital cushion
- metabolic stress
- NEBAL
What is white line disease and what species does it affect?
- cows and sheep
- damage to white line
- physicla traunma
- shearing forces
- poor hoof conformation and horn quality
- impaction -> infection -> abscessation
How does white line disease occur?
- The white line is a junction between the sole and wall of hoof
- Bits of material can get impacted into the line
- Initially leads to separation between wall and sole
- Doesn’t cause lameness until comes into contact with sensitive tissues (corium)
- Then get intro of infection and establishment of bacteria = painful
- Lots of puss being produced- builds up pressure and squeezes soft tissue
What farm conditions might increase the risk of white line disease?
Well worn tracks with lots of loose stones
If the hooves are softened by wet conditions
Managing systems where the animals are driven very fast around the farm - don’t have time to avoid obstacles on the ground
What disease is this?
- white line disease
What soft tissue conditions are caused by treponema species (spirochaetes)?
- bovine digital dermatitis
- contagious ovine digital dermatitis
- bovine ulcerative mammary dermititis
What condition is this? and what is it caused by?
- bovine digital dermatitis
- affects the heel bulbs
- superficial, erosive infection of skin
- caused by spirochaetes from genus treponema
What are the risk factors for bovine digital dermatitis?
- poor underfoot hygiene (deep slurry, housing)
- inadequate footbathing
- should hose down feet in parlous and monitor
What is interdigital necrobacillosis?
- cows
- damage to interdigital skin
- bacterial infection starting in interdigital space
- fusobacterium necrophorum
- trueperella pyogenes
- ascending infection of the deep soft tissues of the foot with marked inflam
What is this condition?
- interdigital necrobacillosis
What is scald? What species does it affect? What is it caused by?
- interdigital dermatitis
- sheep
- superficial infection of the interdigital skin -> secondary bacterial infection
- caused by:
- fusobacterium necrophorum
- g -ve anerobe
What is interdigital dermatitis a precursor to?
- foot root
- common at grass in wet conditions
What is foot rot and what is it caused by?
- in sheep
- erosion of the axial hoof wall with deep infection of the digital tissues and underrunning of the sole
- caused by:
- dichelobacter nodosus (g -ve anaerobe)
- fusobacterium necrophorum
What condition is this?
- early and chronic foot rot
What is CODD?
- contagious ovine digital dermatitis
- mixed infection
- terponema spp
- f.necrophorum
- d.nodosus
How does CODD progress?
- primary lesion at coronary band
- under running of the hoof wall
- hoof wall detachment
- sloughing of hoof capsule
- can appear similar to foot rot
What is this condition in sheep?
- CODD
What are the differences in prevalence, the initial lesion and pathology between foot rot and CODD?
What is this condition and what species does it affect?
- toe granuloma
- disruption of sole/ wall horn, exposure to corium, granuloma formation
- sheep
What are these condition in a pig and cow?
What are the disorders of the coronary band?
- ulceration
- vesicle formation and ulceration
- vadculitis, hyperaemia and ulceration
- bluetongue
What clinical signs would you see in sows and poultry with contact dermititis?
- sows - shoulder sores
- poultry - podo and hock dermatitis, breast blister
What is this condition?
- primary: ingestion of photodynamic agents or sunburn
- secondary: liver disease -> retention of photosensitising agent phylooerythrin
