Conditioning Techniques Are Appropriate Flashcards
What are the 4 main points of conditioning techniques are appropriate
At home
In school
Peers
Vulnerable groups of children
What does Jo Frost use to correct inappropriate behaviour
The naughty step
Why is shouting at a child when they’re naughty bad?
Despite being unpleasant it is positively reinforcing
What is the way to deal with naughty children?
To resist any type of reinforcement
When do techniques such as the naughty step work best?
When parents make a fuss of what their child does right
Finish this sentence
Parental control over pocket money….
Has long been used to increase positive behaviours
Give an example of when a child might be rewarded pocket money
After cleaning the car or tidying their bedroom
What did Gill (1998) encourage parents to do?
Asked parents to encourage chore completion by the payment of pocket money or the postponement of pocket money (punishment)
What did the research of Gill (1998) conclude?
That strategies like pocket money were successful because children ended up performing 20% of the household chores
What type of conditioning is used in education?
Operant
Give an example of operant conditioning techniques used in schools which are positively reinforcing
Gold stars
Stickers
House points
Complete the sentence
Gold stars, stickers and house points are….
Positively reinforcing
What is the aim of positive reinforcement in schools?
To reward good behaviour and performance
Explain McAllister (1969)
Looked at good behaviour in high school English classes and found that the increased use of ‘teacher praise’ and ‘teacher disapproval’ led to a decrease in inappropriate talking
What did LeFrançois suggest?
Classical conditioning can be used to improve student performance
Give an example of what LeFraçois meant in his suggestion
Teachers should maximise the pleasant stimuli in their classroom and minimise the unpleasant stimuli so students have more positive feelings about the work environment and their behaviour and/or academic performance will improve
Give an example of what LeFrançois meant by pleasant stimuli
Attractive wall displays
Pleasant smells
Laughte
Give an example of what LeFrançois meant by unpleasant stimuli
Shouting
Negative comments
What are peer groups
Children who are similar in age and development
When do we start to be influenced by our peer group?
When we move to nursery and school
Fill in the gaps
In order to reduce the ___________ of a peer group and increase the _____________, children ____________ the behaviour and actions of their peers
1- Negative sanctions
2-Positive sanctions
3- imitate
Give an example of negative Sanctions
Exclusion
Criticism
Give an example of positive sanctions
Praise
Acceptance
What do psychological use conditioning techniques for?
various psychological and medical conditions
Explain Lovaas (1987)
Developed ABA to increase the frequency and quality of social interactions for children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Child given 1-to-1 therapy to shape their behaviour and are rewarded over time
Slowly the rewards are reduced and only given if their behaviour is close to ideal
What is ABA
Applied Behaviour Analysis
Explain Robinson et al’s token economy
Used token economy to improve the performance in reading and vocabulary related tasks of children with hyperactivity issues
When might a child be rewarded in a token economy and what can they do with these rewards?
For desirable behaviour
Can exchange for rewards for items they desire
