concepts 9-11

Question 1

centripetal force

Answer 1

a force that promotes unity and national identity

Question 2

centrifugal force

Answer 2

a force that disrupts and destabilizes a state

Question 3

what are the three distinct stages of economic activities

Answer 3

primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 4

primary economic activity

Answer 4

part of the economy involved in making natural resources available for use or further processing

Question 5

secondary economic activities

Answer 5

part of the economy involved in the processing of raw materials derived from primary activities

Question 6

tertiary economic activity

Answer 6

part of the economy that fulfills the exchange function and that provides market availability of commodities

Question 7

3 major types of economic SYSTEMS (SCP)

Answer 7

subsistence, commercial, planned

Question 8

subsistence economic system

Answer 8

system in which goods and services are created for the use of producers or their immediate families or kinship groups

Question 9

Commercial

Answer 9

production of goods and services for exchange in competitive markets

Question 10

Planned economic system

Answer 10

a system of the production of goods and services, usually consumed or distributed by a government agency, in quantities and at prices determined by government programs

Question 11

know whether economic systems are independent or interdependent

Answer 11

interdependent

Question 12

subsistence agriculture

Answer 12

involves nearly total self-sufficiency on the part of its members. production for exchange is minimal and any exchange is noncommercial

Question 13

commercial/highly industrialized

Answer 13

produce not for their own subsistence but primarily for a market off the farm itself

Question 14

Sustainable agriculture

Answer 14

a collection of alternative approaches to agriculture that seek to enhance social, ecological, economic, and individual health

Question 15

in Weber’s least-cost theory, know the three basic expenses that need to be minimized to achieve the optimum location of a manufacturing establishment (RLA)

Answer 15

-relative transport costs
- labor costs
-agglomeration costs

Question 16

the four commonly recognized major manufacturing regions (NWEE)

Answer 16

Northeastern + Midwestern United States and Eastern Canada
Western and Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Asia

Question 17

what commodity chains involve

Answer 17

the set of activities involved in the production of a single good

Question 18

the two main types of service activities (C+B)

Answer 18

consumer and business services

Question 19

consumer services

Answer 19

performed for individuals. includes entertainment, tourism, restaurants, hotels, bars, maintenance services, education, health care, and the vast array of personal services

Question 20

business services

Answer 20

performed for companies. includes finance, insurance, real estate, legal services, accounting, architecture, engineering consulting services

Question 21

the five factors important for the early development of cities

Answer 21

-fertile soil near by
-presence of water for transportation
-availability of building materials
-defensible situation
-technology for agricultural production + food transport and storage

Question 22

the common characteristic of cities today

Answer 22

they are nucleated, nonagricultural settlements

Question 23

basic

Answer 23

made up of the activities of people that bring in money from outside the community

Question 24

Nonbasicr

Answer 24

workers produce goods or services for residents of the city itself

Question 25

residents of larger and more complex cities tend to segregate themselves into groups on the basis of what three characteristics

Answer 25

social status
family status
ethnicity

Question 26

what the three interrelated parts of the biosphere are

Answer 26

-the troposphere (the lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere)

-the hydrosphere - includes surface and subsurface waters

-the lithosphere

Question 27

what ecosystems are

Answer 27

the biosphere may be subdivided into specific ecosystems

Question 28

where most of the world’s water is found

Answer 28

In the oceans

Question 29

what the IPAT equation is

Answer 29

the IPAT equation (I=PAT) is a helpful way of summarizing the different factors influencing the degree of human impact on the environment

Question 30

what does the IPAT stand for

Answer 30

I=impact
P=population
A=affluence
T=technology