ch 7

Question 1

cultural divergence

Answer 1

the likelihood or tendency for isolated cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time

Question 2

cultural convergence

Answer 2

the tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organization structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication

Question 3

cultural landscape

Answer 3

the natural landscape as modified by human activities and bearing the imprint of a culture group or society; the built environment

Question 4

culture hearth

Answer 4

a nuclear area within which an advanced and distinctive set of culture traits develops and from which there is diffusion of distinctive technologies and ways of life

Question 5

Acculturation

Answer 5

the cultural modification or change resulting from one culture group or individual adopting traits of a more advanced or “dominant” society

Question 6

lingua franca

Answer 6

any of the various auxiliary languages used as common tongues among people of an area where several languages are spoken

Question 7

Secularism

Answer 7

not having to do with religion

Question 8

Transnationalism

Answer 8

maintaining strong ties with more than one country

Question 9

what are the 5 elements of cultural hierarchy (TCSRR)

Answer 9

culture traits, complex, system, region and realm

Question 10

Culture Traits

Answer 10

a single distinguishing feature of regular occurrence within a culture

Question 11

Culture Complex

Answer 11

an integrated assemblage of culture traits descriptive of one aspect of a society’s behavior or activity

Question 12

Culture system

Answer 12

a generalization suggesting shared, identifying traits uniting two or more culture complexes (Ex: religion)

Question 13

culture region

Answer 13

formal or functional region within which common cultural characteristics prevail

Question 14

culture realm

Answer 14

a collective of culture regions sharing related culture systems

Question 15

the differences in economic activity between less-developed and highly-developed countries

Answer 15

less-developed countries often have most of their workers in the agricultural sector

highly developed economies usually are focused on manufacturing or services

Question 16

what are the 3 factors that cultural change is induced by (ISA)

Answer 16

innovation, spatial diffusion, acculturation

Question 17

innovation

Answer 17

introduction into an area of new ideas, practices, or objects

Question 18

Spatial diffusion

Answer 18

the outward spread of a substance, a concept, a practice, or a population from its point of origin to other areas

Question 19

Acculturation

Answer 19

the cultural modification or change resulting from one culture group or individual adopting traits of a more advanced or “dominant” society

Question 20

the three subconcepts of acculturation (AAC)

Answer 20

amalgamation theory, assimilation, competition theory

Question 21

Amalgamation Theory

Answer 21

the concept that multiethnic societies become a merger of the culture traits of their member groups (melting pot)

Question 22

assimilation

Answer 22

the social process of merging into a composite culture, losing separate ethnic or social identity, and becoming culturally homogenized

Question 23

competition theory

Answer 23

the idea that cultural minorities begin to achieve success and enter in mainstream social and economic life