ch 11

Question 1

Agglomeration

Answer 1

the clustering of productive activities and people for mutual advantage

Question 2

Fordism

Answer 2

assembly line production of identical commodities by a rigidly controlled and specialized labor force for generalized mass markets

Question 3

Outsourcing

Answer 3

involves subcontracting production or service tasks to an outside company rather than performing them in-house

Question 4

Offshoring

Answer 4

the practice of either hiring foreign workers or, commonly, contracting with a foreign third-party service provider to take over particular manufacturing operations

Question 5

Transnational corporations (TNCs)

Answer 5

private firms that have established branch operations in nations foreign to their headquarters’ country

Question 6

Know the info on the slide titled “Manufacturing & Heavy Industry” (3)

Answer 6

-since the Industrial Revolution and the introduction of the factory system in18th-century England, manufacturing and heavy industry have been seen as the measures and symbols of economic development

-manufacturing has been the catalyst for the whole range of economic and social changes recognized as modernization

-escape from traditional subsistence economies

Question 7

In webers least-cost theory, know the 3 basic expenses that need to be minimized to achieve the optimum location of a manufacturing establishment

Answer 7

relative transport costs
labor costs
agglomeration costs

Question 8

The 4 commonly recognized major manufacturing regions

Answer 8

-Northeastern and Midwestern United States + Eastern Canada
-Western and Central Europe
-Eastern Europe
-Eastern Asia

Question 9

What is a commodity chain

Answer 9

the set of activities involved in the production of a single good

Question 10

what do commodity chains involve

Answer 10

commodity chains encompass the relationships between buyers + suppliers and the flows of materials, finance, and knowledge

Question 11

what are The two main types of service activities

Answer 11

consumer and business services

Question 12

consumer services

Answer 12

performed for individuals. includes entertainment, tourism, restaurants, hotels, bars, maintenance services, education, health care, and the vast array of personal services

Question 13

business services

Answer 13

performed for companies. includes finance, insurance, real estate, legal services, accounting, architecture, engineering consulting services