Conception Flashcards
common disorders during pregnancy? x 2
Gestational diabetes
Preeclampsia
The body need more ? during pregnancy? x 4
why?
folic acid - prevent Neural tube defects
iron - volume of blood increases in pregnancy made by iron
vitamin D - absorb calcium helps to develop baby’s bones
iodine - fetal thyroid hormones that regulate the development
of the brain and nervous system
folic acid function?
Planning for pregnancy to take folic acid to prevent?
prior?
why?
folic acid is required for cell division
400mcg daily to prevent Neural tube defects
3 months before pregnancy and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy
first 28 days for the development of
the neural tube which becomes the brain and
spinal cord
take in first month of pregnancy will not prevent neural tube defects must before pregnancy
Folate acid food sources?
DRI?
DRI=600 ug pregnancy or 500 ug lactating
female, 400 ug for non-pregnant woman
Beans, peas, orange juice, green leafy
vegetables and fortified cereals contain added vitamins and minerals
what is NTD?
neural tube defects
脊柱裂(spina bifida)
无脑畸形(anencephaly)
有腦膨出（encephalocele）
A full term pregnancy last?
1st trimester : Embryonic stage胚胎: ~ day 15 to the 8th week
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
After the 8th week, the developing baby is called?
38 – 42 weeks
1st trimester: conception to 13th week
2nd trimester: 14th to 27th week
3rd trimester: 28th to 40th week
After the 8th week, the developing baby is called
a fetus胎兒.
Embryos are extremely vulnerable 脆弱 to teratogens during ? trimester?
Low-birth weight?
Preterm babies?
1st trimester conception to 13th week
less than 5.5 pounds
born before 38 weeks
Recommended Weight Gain in each trimester?
1st 1-3 M gain 1-2kg
2nd 4-6M gain 4-5kg
3rd 7-10M gain 4-5kg
Pregnancy increased energy ? kcal/day
fluid increases?
increase 300 kcal/day
increases to 3 liters per day
Pregnant women recommendation increase? x 3
? /day ?
Folate – increases to 600 mcg/day
Iron – increases to 27 mg/day
Calcium – 1200 mg/day
Iron needs to increase during pregnancy?
different between Heme and Non-heme?
18 to 27mg/day
Heme iron is supplied by
animal foods more absorbable than nonheme iron
形式為二價鐵，容易被人體腸道吸收利用
Non-heme plant-based foods contain only non-heme iron
形式為三價鐵
素食者會比葷食者需要攝取更多的鐵質。
which vitamin induces iron absorption?
which mineral inhibits iron absorption?
Vit C
鈣質會抑制身體對鐵的吸收
Should be taken several hours apart
suggest supplement calcium for pregnancy?
from when?
why?
1.5-2 g / d
form 20 weeks(4.5M) to the end of pregnancy
Baby needs calcium to build strong bones and teeth and to develop a healthy heart, nerves, and muscles.
calcium food sources?
Milk, yogurt (8 oz), cheese (1
oz) ~ 300 mg calcium
* Orange juice- fortified (1 cup =
300 mg)
* Broccoli, kale (1 cup cooked =
90 mg)
* Bok choy, mustard green (1
cup cooked =180 mg)
* Tofu (made with calcium
citrate - (½ cup =260 mg)
* Canned salmon (3 oz = 180 mg)
the most iron food?
lean red meat
chicken
egg
cereals
