Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CD General subjects > Computer test - Respiratory system > Flashcards

Computer test - Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

How is the induced cough in horse ?

A

Intensive, sharp, high, short, dry, painless, snapping, does not recur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which sound do you hear in case of pulmonary edema ?

A

non musical ronchi (crepitation and cracking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can be heard in the upper region in case of hydrothorax ?

A

Louder sound, forced loud breathing, increased dullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the lung borders in horse ?

A

16-14-10

Tuber coxae/Tuber ischiadicum/Point of shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

F/T : Narrowing the upper airways occurs mostly in held expiration

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

5 percussion sound standpoints ?

A
  1. Volume/Loudness
  2. Pitch/Frequency
  3. Tone/Resonance
  4. Duration
  5. Special sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 expired air standpoints ?

A
  1. Odour
  2. Strenght
  3. T°
  4. Symmetry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What clinical sign(s) is/are seen in case of pericardial effusion ?

A

Elevation of the caudo-ventral border of the dull sound : increase of cardiac dullness (enlargement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do we use Valsalva probe ?

A

Rubbing of pleural surface → stop breathing → if rubbing disappears = pleuropericardial/pleuropleural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thoracic normal percussion sounds

A

SA : sharp, high/low, sonorous (resonant), long

LA (>40 kg): sharp, low, (non-)sonorous, (non-)resonant, short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Noises heard upon pericardial effusion

A

Increase of cardiac dullness, crepitation/crackling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where and what is the Diernhofer triangle ?

A

Enlarged cardiac dullness and behind it the Diernhofer triangle (air containing lung lobe between the diaphragm and the caudal border of the heart). Normal percussion sound in healthy animals, can be detected even in the case of cardiac enlargement.

At the cardiac area (triangle), normally filled with air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Respiratory sounds over abdomen are (F/T, only 1 true) :

  • Higher in horse than dog
  • Stronger in dog than horse
  • Bronchial in dogs
  • Bronchial in horse
  • ‘h’ sound
A

True : Stronger in dog than horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In which animal(s) is the percussion of the hemithorax absolute ?

A

Horse + dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the caudal border of lungs in cattle ?

A

11/-/8

Tuber coxae/Tuber ischiadicum/Point of shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Splashing sound characteristics

A

Sounds like water in a bottle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What to check on the nasal plane ?

  • Moistness
  • T°
  • Colour
  • Surface
  • Symmetry
  • Smell
A

Moistness, colour and surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the nasal discharge come out from, when it originates from the guttural pouch ?

  • Bilateral nasal discharge
  • Unilateral nasal
  • Oral
A

Bilateral nasal discharge (behind the choanae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can be seen on inspection of the thorax ?

  • T°
  • RR
  • Chest size
  • Deformities
  • Pain
A

RR, chest size, deformities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the percussion sound of the horse thorax ?

A

Sharp, low, sonorous, short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can be heard in the upper region, in case of hydrothorax ?

A

Splashing sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What sound is heard during pulmonary edema ?

A

Non-musical ronchi : crepitation and crackling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the lung borders in the horse ?

A

16/14/10

Tuber coxae/Tuber ischiadicum/Point of shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Number of ribs in horse ?

A

18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Number of ribs in cattle ?

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nb of ribs in swine ?

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nb of ribs in carnivore ?

A

13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lung borders in swine ?

A

11/9/7

Tuber coxae/Tuber ischiadicum/Point of shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Lung borders in carnivore ?

A

11/10/8

Tuber coxae/Tuber ischiadicum/Point of shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Indications for tracheobronchoscopy ?

A

Acute cough if an inhaled body is suspected
Chronic cough
Unexplained abnormal breathing pattern, lung infiltrate
Tracheal collapse
Chronic bronchitis (sampling)
Stridor
Removal of mucoid obstruction in atelectatic lung lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Order of the Respiratory tract examination ?

A 
Nose & paranasal sinuses
Coughing
Larynx & Pharynx
Trachea
Thorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Examination of the nose and paranasal sinuses ?

A

External/internal inspection, palpation, percussion, smelling
Extra exams : cytological, bacteriological, parasitic, mycologic exams of the nasal fluid, probing nasal passage, X rays, endoscopy (rhino/sinuso, tracheobroncho…), diagnostic punction biopsy, diagnostic rhinotomy, CT, MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Describe the following stridor sounds :

  • Nasal stridor
  • Pharyngeal
  • Laryngeal
  • Collapsed trachea
  • Larynx paralysis
  • Narrowed trachea, bronchus
A
  • Nasal stridor : sniffing sound
  • Pharyngeal : snoring
  • Laryngeal : soft, sawing
  • Collapsed trachea : EXPIRATORY tooting sound
  • Larynx paralysis : INSPIRATORY
  • Narrowed trachea, bronchu : mixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Examination of nasal discharge

A

Continuity
Side
Quantity
Quality : consistency (watery, mucous, mucopurulent, purulent, haemorrhagic, foamy, containing food, foreign material…), colour, odor
Don’t forget to lower th head (dog, horse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How to examine paranasal and frontal sinuses ?

A

Inspection, palpation, percussion (sharp, bony-like sound, NOT dull)
Endoscopy (horses)
Xrays
Diagnostic punction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the different sinuses ?

A 
Maxillares
Palatinus
Frontalis
Sphenoidalis
Lacrimalis
Ethmoidale
37
Q

How to examine guttural pouches in equine ?

A

Localization
Inspection, palpation, percussion (resonant)
Extra exams : Xrays, endoscopy

38
Q

Standpoints of coughing examination ?

A 
Origin
Frequency
Strength
Tone
Occurence
Duration
Secretion content
Painfulness
Deepness
Localization of origin
Quality of sputum
39
Q

Laryngeal cough description

A

Episodically, heavy, gagging/retching, tendecy to vomit

If laryngeal paralysis : deep, long, harsh

40
Q

Tracheal cough description

A

Tracheitis : loud, explosive, barking-like

Trachea collapse : goose honking cough

41
Q

Bronchial cough description

A

Acute phase : pattern similar as tracheitis = loud, explosive, barking-like
Chronic phase : mucus, pus, wet and rough cough

42
Q

Lung emphysema, chronic bronchitis cough description

A

Short, weak dry

COPD : deep, weak, held, dull

43
Q

Pneumonia cough description

A

Soft

44
Q

Cardiac disease cough description

A

Hacking & wet cough

45
Q

How to induce cough in horse ?

A

Squeeze the larynx or tracheal rings near to the larynx

46
Q

How to induce cough in cattle ?

A

Close mouth & nose with hands/plastic bag

47
Q

How is the induced cough in cattle ?

A

Doesn’t cough spontaneously, very difficult stimulation. Cough is medium intensive and medium deep, duller, held, dry; painles, snapping, doesn’t recur

48
Q

How to induce cough in small ruminants, dogs, cats ?

A

Pressing the tracheal rings or the thorax quickly during expiration

49
Q

How is the induced cough in small ruminants, dogs, cats ?

A

Goat & sheep : weak, groaning like, deep, dry, medium held, painless, does not recur
Dog & cat : medium held, snapping, doesn’t recur, medium intensive, medium deep, dry, painless, does not recur

50
Q

Examination of the larynx/pharynx ?

A

Examination :
- external inspection (skin, deformities, swelling) and internal examination (epiglottis, nasopharynx, symmetry and synchronous movement of the arythenoids, rima glottidis, colour, capillaries, deformation of Mm, shape, size, semilunar fold, colour, surface and symmetry of the tonsillas)
- Palpation (form, outline, muscles, surface of larynx, masses, compression ability and sensitivity of the arythenoids, T°, painfulness, fremitus)
- Ausculation (normally weak stridor during insp/expiration)
Extra exams :
Xrays, endoscopy

51
Q

Examination of the trachea ?

A

External inspection, palpation, auscultation
Extra exams
X rays, endoscopy, tracheal fluid sample and analysis)

52
Q

Examination of the thorax ?

A

Inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion
Extra exams : Xrays, US, endoscopy, BAL sample and analysis, thoracocentesis/tomy, biopsy, CT, MRI, scintigraphy, lung function testing, CBC, acid/base analysis

53
Q

Examination of the thorax - exam of the chest ?

A

Skin, size, shape, bilateral symmetry, local deformities, intactness of the skin

54
Q

Examination of the thorax - exam of the Respiratoy movements ?

A

Frequency (Tachy/Polypnoe, Oligopnoe/Bradypnoe)
Rhythm (Normal, held inspiration/expiration, shorten expi/inspiration, assymetric breathing, intermittent inspiration)
Type (Normal, abnormal)
Depth (Normal = medium deep, abnormal shallow or deep respiration)

55
Q

Respiratory type of equids ?

A

Costo-abdominal

56
Q

Respiratory type of carnivores ?

A

Costo-abdominal

57
Q

Respiratory type of cattle ?

A

Mostly abdominal

58
Q

Types of dyspnoea ?

A

Inspiratory, expiratory, mixed

59
Q

Causes for inspiratory dyspnoea ( prolonged and labored inspiration) ?

A
  • Narrowed upper airways (stridor) laryngeal oedema, laryngeal paralysis, stenotic nares, etc. -Pneumothorax
  • Pleural effusions
    -Diffuse pneumonia
    ‐Lung neoplasm
60
Q

Signs of inspiratory dyspnoea ?

A

Prolonged and labored inspiration
Inspiratory phase is longer, extension of the head and neck, dilatation of nostrils, labial respiration, spreading of the scapules, exaggerated intercostal activity, slack or sunken flanks and sagging belly.

61
Q

Causes for expiratory dyspnoea ?

A
  • Compression or obstruction of lower air passages
  • Microbronchitis
  • Pulmonary emphysema
    Fibrous pleuritis
  • Rarely neoplasms in larynx and pharynx
62
Q

Signs of expiratory dyspnoea ?

A

Expiration phase is extended; the work of abdominal muscles is more severe, extensions of the head and neck, thorax very fasten collapsed during expiration. Expiratory dyspnoea is abdominal, duplicate or strongly held “heave line”.

63
Q

Causes for mixed dyspnoea ?

A
  • Decreased compliance
    -Pulmonary oedema
    -Pulmonary emphysema
    ‐Compressed diaphragm
64
Q

Signs of paradoxical respiration ?

A

Chest movement is restricted, not able to expand properly.
Intercostal muscles may collapse inwards with inspiration as they fatigue, and as greater negative pressures are crated within the thoracic cavity
Abdominal wall move in the opposite direction to that expected

65
Q

Causes for paradoxical respiration ?

A

Pleural fluid, pneumothorax, diaphragma paralysis, broken ribs..

66
Q

Standpoints of a thoracic palpation ?

A

T°
Fremitus pectoralis (pleuritis, bronchitis, fibrinous pericarditis, stenotic valves or valve insufficiencies)
Painfulness
Deformities

67
Q

How can the respiratory sounds reach our ears ?

A

Resonance sound → lung → chest wall → diminish → some of it reflected from bordering places depending on acoustic impedance.

68
Q

Acoustic impedance formula ?

A

Density of the material x speed of sound

69
Q

Normal respiratory sound description ?

A

Blow like sound, developed in the upper airways.

Stronger during inspiration, weaker/slighter during expiration (developed in the upper airways)

70
Q

Contains of normal respiratory sounds ?

A
  1. Weak stenotic noise (nose, pharynx)

2. Weak blow noise (Turbulence before bifurcatio tracheae or branch of larger bronchi, after bronchi laminar spread)

71
Q

Directly audible sounds for auscultation ?

A

Nose, larynx, trachea

72
Q

Indirectly audible sounds for auscultation ?

A

Larynx, trachea, thorax

73
Q

Basic respiratory sounds in horses ?

A

Inspiratory : soft

Expiratory : very weak

74
Q

Basic respiratory sounds in cow ?

A

Inspiratory : strong, rugged, blow-like

Expiratory : weak, blow

75
Q

Basic respiratory sounds in sheep, goat ?

A

Inspiratory : strong, rugged

Expiratory : : weaker, can be heard during expiration

76
Q

Basic respiratory sounds in swine ?

A

Inspiratory : strong, rugged

Expiratory : strong, bronchial

77
Q

Basic respiratory sounds in dog, cat ?

A

Inspiratory : strong, rarely bronchial

Expiratory : strong, can be heard over the thorax

78
Q

Basic respiratory sounds in rabbit ?

A

Inspiratory : like in dogs & cats but not as strong

79
Q

Basic respiratory sounds in birds ?

A

Inspiratory : strong, blow-like

80
Q

Normal physiological sound description

A

Soft, blowing sound, stronger in carnivores, sometimes bronchial like bovine: strong, rugged
‘f’ like

81
Q

Bronchial sound description

A

Strong, audible blowing sound
‘(c)h’ like sound, during INHALATION or abnormal
Normal above and larynx trachea ONLY
Normal in small animal/thin animals, less heard in large ones.

82
Q

Bronchial like sound description

A

Deeper, softer, harsher than the bronchial sound
Only during INHALATION or abnormal
‘f-h’ like sound
Physiologic in carnivores, swine, cow

83
Q

Adventitious respiratory sounds classification ?

A

Non musical rhonchi vs musical rhonchi

84
Q

Non musical rhonchi classification ?

A 
Crepitation (hair-rubbing like)
Crackling sound (burning wood like)
Rattling sound (sucking coke with a straw)
85
Q

Musical rhonchi classification ?

A 
Whistling (monophonic/polyphonic high "HUIH" sound)
Wheezing sound (mono/polyphonic sound), low "BBuuuu" sound)
86
Q

Meaning of COPD ?

Meaning of RAO ?

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Early inspiratory or expiratory crepitation and crackling, wheezing)
Reccurent Airway Obstruction

87
Q

Other abnormal sounds heard over the thorax by auscultation ? (not the rhonchi)

A

Rubbing
Splashing (Gas and fluid movement)
Stridor (Strong stenotic sound)
Metallic sound (“PLOM-PLOM” sound)

88
Q

Main percussion sounds ?

A

Sonorous/resonant : fairly low, strongly resonant (normal lungs)
Damped/dull : short sound of low intensity (liver, heart, muscle)
Tympanic : stronger, longer, higher sound than sonorus, higher in pitch (gastric volvulus)

89
Q

Other special percussion sounds ?

A

Metallic (steel-like) : high-pitched, sharp musical sound
Cracked-pot sound : rasping, wheezing sound +/- noises
Hollow sound : strong, high, long sound, tympanic or not

CD General subjects (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions