Computer test - Locomotor system Flashcards

1
Q

What ancillary methods can be used to test muscles ?

A
EMG
Biopsy
CK
LDH
AST
ALT
US
MRI
Urinanalysis (myoglobinuria)
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2
Q

Bone clinical examination ?

A

Physical examination : general inspection palpation (pain, consistency, crepitation, movement, T°), percussion

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3
Q

Locomotor system evaluation ?

A
History
Physical exam
General impression
Inspection, palpation, percussion of the given organ
Compare symmetrical parts of the body
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4
Q

What to check when suspecting locomotion problems ?

A

History
Physical exam
General impression (standing, moving, recumbency)
Inspection, palpation, percussion of the given organ (functional unit of BAM)
Compare symmetrical parts of the body (musculoskeletal signs / systemic diseases)
Further exams : rectal palpation, Xrays, MRI, CT, arthroscopy, US, EMG, scintigraphy imaging, biopsy, aspiration cytology, CBC, serum biochem, serology

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5
Q

Lab test performed if suspecting bone illness in horse ?

A
CT, Xray, Scintigraphy
Ca, P
ALKP (increased osteoclast activity), PTH, PTH related protein, vit D metabolites
CBC
Kidney function
Haematology - acute osteomyelitis
Biopsy, histopathology
Cytology, fluids, exsudates
Microbiology
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6
Q

Tests for muscle function ?

A

Examine relaxes animal, standing, recumbent

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7
Q

What can be examined by inspection of joints ?

  • Skin
  • Swelling
  • Angle
  • Deformities
  • Symmetry
  • Movement
  • Pain
A
  • Skin
  • Swelling
  • Angle
  • Deformities
  • Symmetry
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8
Q

Synovial fluid description ?

A

Clear, light-straw in colour, sticky, viscous feel, strand forming-between fingers

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9
Q

Joint’s motion ?

A

Easily movable according to the given joint’s range of motion. Passive movement is free of pain and no constant crepitation

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10
Q

Examination of bones ?

A
  • General impression/inspection (at rest, during motion)
  • Palpation (T°, deformities, pain, surface, contour, consistency, moveability, crepitation, symmetry)
  • Percussion (sound, pain)
  • Extra exams :
    -CT (better for hard tissue; cranium, sinuses, spine)
    ‐Radiography
    ‐Nuclear imaging (scintigraphy : malignancies)
  • Chemistry: Ca, P, ALKP (increased osteoclast activity), PTH, PTH-related protein, Vit. D metabolites, kidney functions
    ‐ Haematology – acute osteomyelitis: CBC, inflammatory markers (globuline, CRP) : septic disease
    -Biopsy, histopathology
    ‐Cytology, fluids, exudates
    ‐Microbiology
    ‐Rectal examination (Pelvis, symphyseolysis after parturition in cows)
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11
Q

Examination of joints and ligaments ?

A
  • Inspection
  • Palpation
  • Passive range of motion
  • Further examination :
  • Radiography
    -Arthrocentesis and joint fluid analysis (cytology, microbiology +/ - biochemistry (globuline) → physiologic finding in synovial fluid: clear, light-straw in colour, sticky, viscous feel, strand forming (between fingers, glass slide)
    ‐CT, MRI -‐Arthroscopy (diagnostic and therapeutic)
  • US
  • Others: CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis (+ source of bacterial infection, etc.), serology, ANA

Joint fluid tapped : normal = very small amount, clear, straw coloured, viscous

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12
Q

Examination of muscle and tendons ?

A
  • Inspection
  • Palpation
* Extra exams :
‐EMG -
‐Biopsy 
‐US 
‐CT, MRI 
- Blood examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry: CK, LDH, AST,  ALT (myocyte injury), Ca, Mg, myoglobinemia 
- Urinalysis (myoglobinuria)
‐Serology (Toxoplasma, Neospora, ACh-Receptor-Ab, etc.)
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