Computer Science (13.10.22) Flashcards
What are Binary Systems?
-Everything that a computer needs to process must be converted into a binary format
-This format is used for storing numbers, text, images, sound and program instructions
What is a bit?
a single 0 or 1
How many bits in1 byte?
8 bits = 1 character of text
How many bits in 1 nibble?
4 bits or half a byte
How many bytes in 1 KiB (kibibyte)?
1024 bytes
How many KiB in a 1 MiB (mebibyte)?
1024 KiB
How many MiB in 1 GiB (gibibyte)?
1024 MiB
How many GiB in 1 TiB (tebibyte)?
1024 GiB
How many TiB in 1 PiB (pebibyte)?
1023 TiB
How many PiB in 1 EiB (exbibyte)?
1024 PiB
What does MAC stand for?
media access controller
What are the rules for Binary to Denary conversions?
-Even binary numbers will have a 0 at the end
-Odd binary numbers will have a 1 at the end
What does MSB stand for?
most significant bit
What does LSB stand for?
least significant bit
What is 0?
positive
What is 1?
negative
How much is 1 Kilobyte?
1000 bytes
Why is data represented in binary in a computer?
It makes it easier to present information
What does ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
What is maximum number of characters in a keyboard?
255
How is the Representing of Text Characters in a computer?
-Every character on the keyboard is represented in a binary value
-Upper case ltters have different values from lowercase characters
-Punctuation symbols have their own character code
What does a keyboard contain?
-26 lowercase letters
-26 uppercase letters
-10 numbers
-(around) 36 other characters
What are Character Sets?
A character set is a set of letters, symbols and digits that can be represented by a computer
-There are two major character sets used today: ASCII and UNICODE
What is ASCII?
-It has become the standard code, used worldwide
-It was originally developed in the 1960s for representing the English alphabet
-It encode 128 characters into 7-bit binary codes
-Characters include numbers 0 to 9, uppercase and lowercase letters A-Z, a-z, punctuation symbols and the space symbols
What are Groups and Sequences?
-Numeric characters 0 to 9 run consecutively from 48 to 57 on the ASCII table
-A-Z characters are from 65-90
What are 7 and 8-bit in ASCII?
-Numerous different codes for representing characters have been created, but ASCII is commonly used on PCs
-Originally only 7 bits were used, but now and 8th bit is used allowing many far more characters
What does Concatuation do?
joins information together (eg: 7+5=75) + counting totally
-for-> counter loop (counter controls how many times it happens)
-repeat loop-> (not python, yes pseudecode, basic…)
What is Pre-Condition? (programing)
while
What is Post-Condition? (programing)
endwhile
What are the 3 types of variable in the Counter Controlled Loop?
-int(eger)
-float(ing point)
-str(ing)
What are the 3 types of statements in the Counter Controlled Loop?
-Sequence
-Selection (if… elif,… else)
-Iteration (while,for)
