Chemistry: First CT Flashcards
What are the characteristics of Solids?
- strong forces between particles which holds them close together in fixed positions (they form a regular lattice arrangement)
-particles don’t move, all solids keep a definite shape and volume
-particles vibrate about their positions; the hotter the solid becomes, the more they vibrate (solids slightly expand when heated)
What are the characteristics of Liquids?
-weak force of attraction between particles, they’re randomly arranged and free to move, they stick close together
-definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape
-particles are constantly moving with random motion. The hotter the liquid gets, the faster they move (this causes liquids to expand slightly)
What are the characteristics of Gases?
-the force of attraction between the particles is very weak, they’re free to move and are far apart, particles travel in straight lines
-don’t keep a definite shape or volume, will always fill any container
-particles move constantly with random motion. The hotter the gas gets. the faster they move
-they either expand or their pressure increases when they are heated
What happens when a solid turns into a liquid?
-attractive forces are broken between the particles
-this requires energy (the heat energy needs to be put in)
What happens when a gas turns into a liquid?
-attractive forces are made between the particles
-this creates energy (heat is given out)
What are changes of state?
Physical changes (nothing new is made)
What is Boiling?
At a certain temperature, the particles have enough energy to break their bonds.
What is Melting?
At a certain temperature, the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions
What is Condensation?
When gas molecules transfer their energy to something cooler, they slow down and their attractions cause them to bond.
What is Sublimation?
Sublimation occurs in a substance when the vapour pressure of that substance is high.
What is Deposition?
Deposition occurs when gas particles become very cold.
What is Diffusion?
It is the distribution of particles from an area of high concentration to an area where there is less concentration.
What is Solubility?
Solubility is when you put a solid into a liquid.
What is a Solution?
A mixture of a solute and a solvent that does not separate out.
What is a Solute?
The substance being dissolved.
