Bio (27.10.22)

Question 1

What are the characteristics of Living Organisms?

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Control (homeostasis)
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

What properties do Eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 2

-HAVE a nucleus
-can be multicellular or single-celled
-have a membrame
-genetic material is found in the nucleus

Question 3

What properties do Procaryotic cells have?

Answer 3

-DON’T have a nucleus
-substantially smaller
-always single-celled
-genetic material is found in the cytoplasm

Question 4

What are examples of Eukaryotes?

Answer 4

-Animals
-Fungi
-Plants
-Animals

Question 5

What are examples of Procaryotes?

Answer 5

-Bacteria
-Cyanobacteria

Question 6

What is Respiration?

Answer 6

Organisms release energy from their food

Question 7

What is Control?

Answer 7

Internal conditions include temperature and water content

Question 8

What is Sensitivity?

Answer 8

Living organisms can react to changes in their surroundings

Question 9

What is Growth?

Answer 9

Organisms grow and develop into their adult form

Question 10

What is Reproduction?

Answer 10

Organisms have to produce offspring (children) in order for their species to survive

Question 11

What is Excretion?

Answer 11

The removal of waste products (eg: carbon dioxide and urine)

Question 12

What is Nutrition?

Answer 12

Living organisms need nutrients to provide them with energy and the raw materials for groeth and repair (eg: proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals)

Question 13

What do Animal Cells include?

Answer 13

-Nucleus
-Cell membrame
-Cytoplasm
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes

Question 14

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 14

an organelle which contains genetic material that controls the cell’s activities, it is surrounded by its own membrane

Question 15

What is the Cell membrane?

Answer 15

this membrane forms the outer surface of the cell and controls the substances that go in and out

Question 16

What is the Cytoplasm?

Answer 16

a gel-like substance where most of the cell’s chemical reactions happen
-it contains enzymes which control these reactions

Question 17

What is the Mitochondria?

Answer 17

small organelles where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place
-respiration tranfers energy that the cell needs to work

Question 18

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 18

small organelles where proteins are made in the cell

Question 19

What do Plant Cells include?

Answer 19

-Same organelles as animal cells +
-Chloroplasts
-Cell wall
-Vacuole

Question 20

What are Chloroplasts?

Answer 20

photosynthesis, which makes foord for the plant happens here
-contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, used in photosynthesis

Question 21

What is the Cell wall?

Answer 21

a rigid structure made of cellulose, which surrounds the cell membrane, it supports the cell and strengthens it

Question 22

What is a Vacuole?

Answer 22

a large organelle that contains a cell sap (a weak solution of sugars and salts), it helps to support the cell

Question 23

What is the order of Cells from smallest to largest?

Answer 23

1. Cell organelle
2. Cell
3. Tissue (group of many cells put together)
4. Organ (more than 1 type of tissue that works together for a specific function)
5. Organ system (more than 1 organ together working for a specific bigger function eg: the digestive system)

Question 24

What are the characteristics of Plants?

Answer 24

-Multicellular
-They can photosynthesis -> they have chloroplasts
-Their cells have cells walls (made of cellulose)
-Plants store carbohydrates as surcrose or starch

Question 25

What are the characteristics of Animals?

Answer 25

-Multicellular -Can't photosynthesise -Most have some kind of nervous coordination -The often store carbohydrates in the form of glucogen

Question 26

What are the characteristics of Fungi?

Answer 26

-Some are unicellular -Others have a mycellium (made of hyphae) -Can't photosynthesise -Have cell walls (made of chitin) -Most feed from satrophic -Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 27

What are the characteristics of Protoctists?

Answer 27

-Single-celled and microscopic (tiny) -Some have chloroplasts similar to plants cells -Others are more lile animal cells

Question 28

What are the characteristics of Bacteria?

Answer 28

-Single-celled and microscopic -Don't have a nucleus -Have a circular chromosome of DNA -Some can photosynthesise -Most feed off other organisms

Question 29

What are Pathogens?

Answer 29

Organisms that can cause a disease (eg: fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses, even though they are not living organisms)

Question 30

examples of Protoctists:

Answer 30

Plasmodium -> malaria

Question 31

examples of Bacterium:

Answer 31

Pneumococcus -> pneumonia

Question 32

examples of Viruses:

Answer 32

Influenza virus -> flu HIV -> AIDS

Question 33

What is Diffusion?

Answer 33

the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration -it does not require energy -happens in both liquids and gases

Question 34

What Factors affect Diffusion?

Answer 34

-Concentration -> high concentration gradient = the faster diffusion occurs -Temperature -> high temperature = more energy in particles, will increase the rate of diffusion -Surface Area -> bigger s.a = increases rate of diffusion

Question 35

What is Osmosis?

Answer 35

the net movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to a lower one

Question 36

what does Hypertonic mean?

Answer 36

a solution that is more concentrated, water will move out of the cell

Question 37

what does Hypotonic mean?

Answer 37

a solution that is less concentrated, water will move into the cell

Question 38

what does Isotonic mean?

Answer 38

a solution wher water won't move

Question 39

What is Active Transport?

Answer 39

the net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration -Require energy (ATP/respiration) and it happens in the mitochondria; powerhouse of the cell -Substances move from low concentrated areas to higher ones (against a concentration gradient) -its how plants get minerlas from the soil into the root hair cells

Question 40

What Factors affect Active Transport?

Answer 40

-Surface area to Volume ratio -Distance -> short distance = cells move in and out faster -Temperature -> temperature increases = cells move in and out faster -Concentration gradient -> big difference = cells move in and out faster, but id doen't affect the rate of active transport

Question 41

What do Root hair Cells do?

Answer 41

absorb water and minerals from the soil

Question 42

What is Differentation?

Answer 42

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 43

What is the function of a Xylem cells?

Answer 43

transport water and minerals up the plant

Question 44

How are Xylem cells specialised for their function?

Answer 44

the cells are long and are joined end to end, forming hollow tubes, substances can flow through them

Question 45

What is the function of a Nerve cell?

Answer 45

carries electrical impulses (signals) from one part of the body to another

Question 46

How are Nerve cells adapted for their function?

Answer 46

the cell is long and has branched connections as its ends connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body

Question 47

What is a Stem cell?

Answer 47

an undifferentiated cell which has the ability to become many different types of cells.