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Year 10 (2022-23) > Bio (27.10.22) > Flashcards

Bio (27.10.22) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of Living Organisms?

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Control (homeostasis)
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

What properties do Eukaryotic cells have?

A

-HAVE a nucleus
-can be multicellular or single-celled
-have a membrame
-genetic material is found in the nucleus

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3
Q

What properties do Procaryotic cells have?

A

-DON’T have a nucleus
-substantially smaller
-always single-celled
-genetic material is found in the cytoplasm

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4
Q

What are examples of Eukaryotes?

A

-Animals
-Fungi
-Plants
-Animals

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5
Q

What are examples of Procaryotes?

A

-Bacteria
-Cyanobacteria

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6
Q

What is Respiration?

A

Organisms release energy from their food

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7
Q

What is Control?

A

Internal conditions include temperature and water content

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8
Q

What is Sensitivity?

A

Living organisms can react to changes in their surroundings

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9
Q

What is Growth?

A

Organisms grow and develop into their adult form

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10
Q

What is Reproduction?

A

Organisms have to produce offspring (children) in order for their species to survive

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11
Q

What is Excretion?

A

The removal of waste products (eg: carbon dioxide and urine)

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12
Q

What is Nutrition?

A

Living organisms need nutrients to provide them with energy and the raw materials for groeth and repair (eg: proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals)

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13
Q

What do Animal Cells include?

A

-Nucleus
-Cell membrame
-Cytoplasm
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes

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14
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A

an organelle which contains genetic material that controls the cell’s activities, it is surrounded by its own membrane

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15
Q

What is the Cell membrane?

A

this membrane forms the outer surface of the cell and controls the substances that go in and out

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16
Q

What is the Cytoplasm?

A

a gel-like substance where most of the cell’s chemical reactions happen
-it contains enzymes which control these reactions

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17
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

small organelles where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place
-respiration tranfers energy that the cell needs to work

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18
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

small organelles where proteins are made in the cell

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19
Q

What do Plant Cells include?

A

-Same organelles as animal cells +
-Chloroplasts
-Cell wall
-Vacuole

20
Q

What are Chloroplasts?

A

photosynthesis, which makes foord for the plant happens here
-contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, used in photosynthesis

21
Q

What is the Cell wall?

A

a rigid structure made of cellulose, which surrounds the cell membrane, it supports the cell and strengthens it

22
Q

What is a Vacuole?

A

a large organelle that contains a cell sap (a weak solution of sugars and salts), it helps to support the cell

23
Q

What is the order of Cells from smallest to largest?

A
  1. Cell organelle
  2. Cell
  3. Tissue (group of many cells put together)
  4. Organ (more than 1 type of tissue that works together for a specific function)
  5. Organ system (more than 1 organ together working for a specific bigger function eg: the digestive system)
24
Q

What are the characteristics of Plants?

A

-Multicellular
-They can photosynthesis -> they have chloroplasts
-Their cells have cells walls (made of cellulose)
-Plants store carbohydrates as surcrose or starch

25
Q

What are the characteristics of Animals?

A

-Multicellular
-Can’t photosynthesise
-Most have some kind of nervous coordination
-The often store carbohydrates in the form of glucogen

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Fungi?

A

-Some are unicellular
-Others have a mycellium (made of hyphae)
-Can’t photosynthesise
-Have cell walls (made of chitin)
-Most feed from satrophic
-Store carbohydrates as glycogen

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Protoctists?

A

-Single-celled and microscopic (tiny)
-Some have chloroplasts similar to plants cells
-Others are more lile animal cells

28
Q

What are the characteristics of Bacteria?

A

-Single-celled and microscopic
-Don’t have a nucleus
-Have a circular chromosome of DNA
-Some can photosynthesise
-Most feed off other organisms

29
Q

What are Pathogens?

A

Organisms that can cause a disease (eg: fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses, even though they are not living organisms)

30
Q

examples of Protoctists:

A

Plasmodium -> malaria

31
Q

examples of Bacterium:

A

Pneumococcus -> pneumonia

32
Q

examples of Viruses:

A

Influenza virus -> flu
HIV -> AIDS

33
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
-it does not require energy
-happens in both liquids and gases

34
Q

What Factors affect Diffusion?

A

-Concentration -> high concentration gradient = the faster diffusion occurs
-Temperature -> high temperature = more energy in particles, will increase the rate of diffusion
-Surface Area -> bigger s.a = increases rate of diffusion

35
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

the net movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to a lower one

36
Q

what does Hypertonic mean?

A

a solution that is more concentrated, water will move out of the cell

37
Q

what does Hypotonic mean?

A

a solution that is less concentrated, water will move into the cell

38
Q

what does Isotonic mean?

A

a solution wher water won’t move

39
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

the net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
-Require energy (ATP/respiration) and it happens in the mitochondria; powerhouse of the cell
-Substances move from low concentrated areas to higher ones (against a concentration gradient)
-its how plants get minerlas from the soil into the root hair cells

40
Q

What Factors affect Active Transport?

A

-Surface area to Volume ratio
-Distance -> short distance = cells move in and out faster
-Temperature -> temperature increases = cells move in and out faster
-Concentration gradient -> big difference = cells move in and out faster, but id doen’t affect the rate of active transport

41
Q

What do Root hair Cells do?

A

absorb water and minerals from the soil

42
Q

What is Differentation?

A

the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

43
Q

What is the function of a Xylem cells?

A

transport water and minerals up the plant

44
Q

How are Xylem cells specialised for their function?

A

the cells are long and are joined end to end, forming hollow tubes, substances can flow through them

45
Q

What is the function of a Nerve cell?

A

carries electrical impulses (signals) from one part of the body to another

46
Q

How are Nerve cells adapted for their function?

A

the cell is long and has branched connections as its ends connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body

47
Q

What is a Stem cell?

A

an undifferentiated cell which has the ability to become many different types of cells.

Year 10 (2022-23) (24 decks)

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