Bio (23.3.21)

Question 1

What is the purpose of respiration?

Answer 1

To produce energy in the form of ATP from larger molecules (like sugars)

Question 2

What type of reaction is respiration?

Answer 2

Exothermic rxn

Question 3

When does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 3

When there is plenty of oxygen available

Question 4

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + 602 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 (+energy)

Question 5

What happens in aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

-Oxygen present
-Release more energy (36 molecules of ATP)
-Produces carbon dioxide, water + energy
-Glucose completely broken down
-Occurs in mitochondria

Question 6

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 6

When there is no oxygen available

Question 7

What does anaerobic respiration in animals produce?

Answer 7

glucose -> lactic acid (+energy)

Question 8

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

-Oxygen absent
-Release less energy (2 molecules of ATP)
-Produces lactic acid and energy (muscle cells) or ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy (plants)
-Glucose is not completely broken down
-Occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 9

What is the oxygen debt?

Answer 9

The extra oxygen that is needed to break down the lactic acid formed in anaerobic respiration

Question 10

Describe the general structure of the lungs

Answer 10

-Trachea branches into two bronchi
-Bronchi branch into bronchioles
-Bronchioles terminate in alveoli

Question 11

What are the intercostal muscles?

Answer 11

They are a group of muscles found between the ribs that are involved in breathing by changing the size of the thorax

Question 12

How do the diaphragm + intercostal muscles work together during exhalation (breathing out)?

Answer 12

Exhalation:
-Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
-External intercostal muscles relax
-Volume in the thorax decreases and air moves out

Question 13

How do the diaphragm + intercostal muscles work together during inhalation (breathing in)?

Answer 13

Inhalation:
-Diaphragm contracts and moves down
-External intercostal muscles contract
-Volume in the thorax increases and air moves in

Question 14

What is the thorax?

Answer 14

-the top part of your body (between the neck + the abdomen)

Question 15

What are the lungs?

Answer 15

-they are a pair of supplies of organs in the chest that supply the body with O2, and removes CO2 from the body
-it is surrounded by pleural membranes
-protected by a ribcage

Question 16

What is the trachea?

Answer 16

The airway that leads from the larynx to the bronchi

Question 17

What is the purpose of the pleural membrane?

Answer 17

-Covers the lungs, reduces friction and keeps the lungs moist

Question 18

What is the Alveoli?

Answer 18

-they are tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles
-contains lots of CO2, very little O2
-O2-> diffuses out of the alveolus (hc) into the blood (lc)
-C02 (opposite)
-when the blood reaches body cells, O2 is released from the red blood cells (hc) it diffuses into the body cells (lc)
-CO2 at the same time (opposite) and is then carried back to the lungs

Question 19

How is the alveoli specialised for gas exchange?

Answer 19

-they have moist walls = gasses dissolve in moisture easier to move though g.e
-permeable walls = allow gasses to pass through
-extensive blood supply = allows O2 to be taken from the lungs + helps CO2 to go into the lungs

Question 20

Give 3 health issues caused by smoking

Answer 20

-Cancer
-Bronchitis
-Coronary heart disease

Question 21

How does a smoker’s cough arise?

Answer 21

-Cilia on cells lining the trachea waft mucus
containing dirt out of the lungs
-Smoking can kills cells lining the trachea
-A build-up mucus in the lungs can cause people to develop smoker’s cough