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Year 10 (2022-23) > Bio (19.1.23) > Flashcards

Bio (19.1.23) Flashcards

1
Q

What does CORMS stand for?

A

Change
Organism
Repeat
Measure
Same

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2
Q

What are Carbohydrates?

A

-Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
-Simple sugars contain one sugar unit like glucose or two sugar units like surcrose
-The glucose is used for cellular respiration

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3
Q

What are examples of Complex Carbohydrates?

A

Starch and Surcrose are long chains of simple sugars bonded together

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4
Q

What are Lipids?

A

-Solid fats and liquid oils
-Important in cell membrames, as hormones and in your nervous system
-Made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and are insoluble in water

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5
Q

What are examples of Lipids?

A

-3 fatty acids joined to glycerol

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6
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Large molecule joined up of smaller molecules called monomers

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7
Q

What is the test using Benedict’s solution?

A

-Glucose
-Ligh blue -> brick red (high concentration)
-Green/Yellow (low concentration)

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8
Q

What is the test using Iodine Solution?

A

-Starch
-Yellow -> Blue/Black

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9
Q

What is the test using Biuret Solution?

A

-Protein
-Light blue -> Pink/Purple

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10
Q

What is the test using Sudan III Solution?

A

-Lipids
-Red layer forms on top of solution

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11
Q

What are Enzymes?

A

-Biological Catalyst
-Large arrangements of proteins with a specific shape and active site
-Do not get involved in a rxn they just speed up

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12
Q

What do enzymes act as?

A

-Structure like muscles and tendons
-Hormones such as insulin
-Antibodies which destroy pathogens

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13
Q

What are Proteins?

A

-Made of amino acids (carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen)
-These are sensitive to heat and pH + there are about 20 different different types

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14
Q

What are the processes of enzymes?

A

-Building larger molecules from smaller ones
-Changing one molecule into another
-Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones

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15
Q

Types of Carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides

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16
Q

What is the Digestive System?

A

-6-9 m long!
-Large food molecules need to be broken down to small ones which can be absorbed into the bloostream

17
Q

How does food flow through the digestive system?

A

Diffusion:
-Starch -> glucose
-Proteins -> amino acids
-Lipids -> Fatty Acids and Glycerol

18
Q

What is Ingestion?

A

food enters the digestive system by the mouth

19
Q

What is Digestion?

A

food molecules are made smaller by enzymes
Large, insoluble -> enzymes -> small, soluble molecules

20
Q

What is Absorption?

A

food molecules absorbed from the inestine into the blood and cells

21
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

absorbed molecules used to make new molecules

22
Q

What is Elimination/egestion?

A

removal of materials that are not absorbed

23
Q

What is the Mouth?

A

-Ingestion
-Teeth cut food
-It’s mixed with saliva to soften it and lubricate
-Amylase breaks down starch into glucose

24
Q

What is Peristalsis?

A

-> process by which food goes down the oesophagus
-squeezing motion to move food from the mouth to the stomach, or the small/large intestine

25
Q

What is the Stomach?

A

-Food mixed (chumed) with acid
-Germs killed
-Pepsin enzyme (protease) breaks down proteins to small peptides

26
Q

What is the Small Intestine-Duodenum?

A

-First part of the small intestine
-food from stomach mixed with enzymes from the pancreas
-Lipase: Lipids -> fatty acids + glycerol
-Protease: Proteins-> amino acids
-Amylase: Starch-> maltose

27
Q

What are the Exocrine Pancreas?

A

-Produces enzymes
-Lipase, Amylase, Protease
-Released into the duodenum

28
Q

What are Endocrine Pancreas?

A

-Produces insulin
-It helps the control of blood glucose

29
Q

What is the Gallbladder?

A

-Bile is made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder
-Released into the duodenum
-Neutralises stomach acid
-Emulsifies lipids

30
Q

What is the Small Intestine- Ileum?

A

-Digested food is aborbed into the blood here
-Lined with vili to increase surface area
-Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose
-Most water is absorbed into the blood here

31
Q

What is the Large Intestine- Colon?

A

-remaining water is absorbed
-Undigested food is formed into faeces
-Bacteria live here

32
Q

What is the Large Intestine- Rectum?

A

faeces are stored before egestion

33
Q

What are Catalysts?

A

speed up the rate of a rxn without being used up

Year 10 (2022-23) (24 decks)

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