Compounds of High Phosphoryl Transfer Potential

Question 1

Chemical Transformations

Answer 1

Cleavage:
Condensation:

Question 2

Cleavage

Question 3

Condensation

Question 4

Delta G Phosphoenolpyruvate

Answer 4

61.9 kjmol

Question 5

Delta G ADP

Question 6

Bioenergetic Metabolic Systems

Answer 6

Oxidative Phosphorylation
High Energy phosphate transfer (phosphagen)
Glycolysis

Question 7

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 7

Lots of ATP- Slow
Actomyosin ATPase - Crossbridge cycling
60-70%

Question 8

Phosphagen

Answer 8

Little ATP- Fast
SR ATPase - Calcium Cycling
20-30%

Question 9

Glycolysis

Answer 9

More Complex-lots of ATP
Sarcolemma ATPase - Na+/K= (sodium potassium pump) cycling
<10%

Question 10

What does A. Represent?

Answer 10

Second Messenger System

Question 11

Cyclic AMP

Answer 11

Stable
Causes cascade of processes

Question 12

Delta G^; for ATP

Answer 12

-30.5 kJ/mol (-7.3 kcal/mol)
Large and negative
favorable

Question 13

ATPs role in most enzyme reactions

Answer 13

phosphoryl donor

Question 14

Delta Gp

Answer 14

Phosphorylation potential

Question 15

Steps of ATP Group Transfer

Answer 15

1. Phosphoryl group or adenylate moiety (AMP) transferred to substrate or amino acid residue on enzyme
2. phosphate containing moiety is displaced generating Pi or AMP

Question 16

Exception to ATP group transfer

Answer 16

Muscle contration: provide protein confirmation

Question 17

ATP processes stimulated by exercise

Answer 17

1. Cross Bridge Cycling (muscle contraction)
2. Ion Transport
3. Signal amplification

Question 18

ATP content of skeletul muscle during rest

Answer 18

~6mmol/kg

Question 19

Exercise effect on substrate levels in muscle

Answer 19

ATP decreases
ADP and Pi Increase

Question 20

Adenylate Kinase Reaction

Answer 20

(myokinase) 2 ADP <> AMP+ATP
Does not use PCr

Question 21

Creatine Structure

Answer 21

Same as an AA but not one that makes up proteins

Question 22

Creatine Phosphate Structure

Answer 22

Creatine with a phosphoryl group attached to one of the nitrogens

Question 23

PCr Pathway benefit

Answer 23

Fastest Source of ATP resynthesis

Question 24

When is PCr most valuable

Answer 24

maximal exercise

Question 25

Number of reactions to generate ATP from ADP with PCr

Answer 25

one PCr+ADP+H+ <> ATP+Cr

Question 26

CP phosphoryl transfer potential vs ATP

Answer 26

PCr:-10.3 kcal/mol, bigger more negative ATP: -3

Question 27

CK Reaction

Answer 27

Creatine Kinase: PCr+ADP+H+ ATP + Cr Delta G^' = -3kcal/mol

Question 28

Anaerobic alactic system

Answer 28

PCr system does not need O2 does not generate lactate

Question 29

PCr system during exercise

Answer 29

PCr depleated ATP maintained Cr increases

Question 30

Genes for CK in mammals

Answer 30

2 cytosolic (brain and muscle) 2 mitochondrial

Question 31

Cytosolic CK genes

Answer 31

CK-BB(CK1) Brain CK- MB (CK2) heart CK-MM (CK3) skeletal muscle

Question 32

Mitochondrial CK genes

Answer 32

Involved in facilitation of oxidative phosphorylation

Question 33

PCr affect on ADP

Answer 33

Phosphorylation (quick)

Question 34

Phosphocreatine system during rest

Answer 34

CK reaction dominates Phosphate transfer to Cr from ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) regenerates PC4 -this consumes ATP -derived from aerobic metabolism -EPOC