Carbohydrates Flashcards
Trioses
3 C sugar
Smallest: Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone
Glyceraldehyde
Aldose
one of two smallest monosaccharides
Isomeric C3H6O3 (like dihydroxyacetone)
Dihydroxyacetone
Ketose
One of two smallest monosaccharides
Isomeric C3H6O3 (like glyceraldehyde)
Ketose
carbonyl anywhere except end of carbon chain
Aldose
Carbonyl group at end of carbon chain
Identify each of the molecules in the picture by the location of their carbonyl group
A. Glyceraldehyde
B. Dihydroxyacetone
Pentose
5 C Sugar
E.G. Ribose (C5H10O5)
Ribose
Deoxyribose
5 C sugar
Cyclic or open chain formations
Alpha and beta formations
Hexoses
6 C sugar
E.G. Glucose C6H1206s, Fructose also C6H12O6
Glucose
C6H12O6
Carbonyl in position 1 in open chain (fructose is in position 2)
Pyranose Alpha and Beta
Identify the following
A. Glucose
B. Alpha glucopyranose
C. Beta glucopyranose
Fructose
C6H12O6
Carbonyl group at position 2 (instead of position 1 like glucose)
5 membered furanose ring
Oligosaccharides
2 to 10 covalently linked monosaccharides
glycosidic linkage
Disaccharides
2 linked monosaccharides
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Glycosidic linkage
linkage of sugars through hydroxyl groups
Maltose
Disaccharide
glucose + glucose
Sucrose
Disaccharide
granulated sugar
glucose + fructose
Polysaccarides
Most abundant category of carb
more than ten monosaccharide units
homopolysaccharides
heteroplysaccarides
cellulose
starch
glycogen
Homopolysaccharide
All the same sugar (glycogen)
Heteropolysaccharide
different sugars
Glycogen
Homopolysaccaride of glucose
storage form of glucose
found in muscle and liver
