component 3: the state & globalisation

Question 1

what drives globalisation?

Answer 1

• people: migrants account for 4% of global population: 280 million people. We have more connections via migration, internet, however this can lead to more conflict and nationalism.
• countries: Countries are influenced by neighbouring countries, share rivers, coastlines, seas, oceans making countries linked and their decisions impacting others.
• Institutions: international institutions have become more significant in recent times e.g. WTO, ICC.
• technology: Improvements in global travel, global communications and internet impact globalisation, creating space-time compressions where distances are less significant.

Question 2

cultural globalisation

Answer 2

This refers to the increasing transmission of ideas, meaning and values around the world. Some argue we have a global/monoculture: just 1 culture due to dominance of particular brands.
- This is supported by: growth of social media, globalisation creates one culture based on consumerism, americanisation.
- This is argued against by: globalisation provided more choice and diversity and encourages culture mixing, glocalisation, nationalism: people re-asserting their own culture.

Question 3

economic globalisation

Answer 3

Refers to increasing integration of national economies to create a single economy of cross border movement in trade, services, goods. No. of key elements identified:
1 - Development of global financial institutions: world bank, international monetary fund after ww2 to prevent economic collapse.
2 - Increased free trade: reduce barriers to trade to increase prosperity e.g. World trade organisation formed in 1995.
3 - growth of TNCs: reduced barrier to trade encouraged large corporations to invest around the world.
4 - growth of financial markets: deregulation of financial markets in 1980s meant no nation state could insulate itself from the movement of global capital.
5 - free market ideology: policies e.g. privitisation, reducing tariffs, reducing taxes a very neo-liberal and free market approach.

Question 3

political globalisation

Answer 3

Refers to the way in which states increasingly cooperate with each other, this means that states make more decisions together.
- growth of IGOs, and also NGOs e.g. greenpeace.
- rise of political globalisation is states recognising the need to work together to deal with global issues e.g. environment.
- Most significant global IGO is United Nations based on the liberal principle that states need to work together to resolve collective dilemmas.

Question 4

debates about the impact of globalisation

Answer 4

1 - globalisation depends interconnectedness and interdependence via: increased migration, global travel is easier, increased global economy based on increased global trade, technological change: 24 hr global media, cultural industries have greater reach.
2 - It has created challenges to state control over citizens: westphalian principles have frequently been ignored, humanitarian and forcible intervention.