component 1: liberalism

Question 1

core principles

Answer 1

• individualism: everyoen is different but are of equal moral/worth, rights should not be removed. Belief in the primacy of the indiidual over any collective body or social group.
  -rationalism: humans are capable of logical decisions based on facts, humansare capable of reason but it is nurtured through education and society.
• freedom: we are capable of thinking forourselves and are best at making our own choices so we should be free to do so.

Question 2

areas of agreement 1

Answer 2

Human nature: all are indivualists: belive everyone is different and unique and of moral worth and no pawns to be used for greater good. Believe in rationalism: humns capable of logical decisionandrational thought. We have capacity to reason but it has to be nurtured though education and society,positive view of human nature.
Society: foundational equality, born with equal rights, also formal equality(people share same status in society), equality of opps, but reject complete equality as we need incentive to encourage people to achieve success.

Question 3

areasof agreement 2

Answer 3

State: state is threat to freedom as itis soveriegn which threathen individual liberty so state has to be limited, but still need state as individuals are self seeking, stte can be created adjusted and altered to meet needs.
Economy: agree on capitalist system as it allows economic freedom, see owning private property as a right, keynesian economics:Demand is influenced by public and private economic decisions, Changes in demand have the strongest short-term impact on output and employment, laissez faire approcah to economics.

Question 4

areas of disagreement 1

Answer 4

human nature: CL believe in egoistic indidualism: people are concerned for themselves and self seeking, have atomistic view of society, negative freedom (freedom from something, consists of laws to combat discrimination) ML believe in developmental individualism: individuals are capable of improvement, people are altruistic, we are more than just individuals, positive freedom (consists of the ability to do something, enables those on limited incomes to lead a more fulfilled and meaningful existence)
society: CL: strict meritocracy, position in society is based on talents and hard work, free market competition provides incentives to achieve success. ML argue for relative social equality and want some state intervention to ensure equal opps,welfare is needed.

Question 5

areas of disagreement 2

Answer 5

state: CL: minimal state: links to ideas of negative freedom & egoistic indicualism,people give up some freedoms so state can protect them. ML: enabling satate; positive freedom and development individualims, state can help increase freedom by creating oppurtunities.
economy: CL: minimal state on economics, freedom of choice in economics, laissez faire, individuals pursue interests to make profit. ML: supports government regulation on private industry, believe Keynesian economic management is needed in extreme circumstances e.g. recession, as it helps the worst and will help individuals live to potential

Question 6

key thinkers

Answer 6

1 - John Locke: relationship with state: people give up freedoms so state can protect them, state should only govern by consent, natural laws and rights of society predate state.
2 - Mary Wollstonecraft: men and women capable of rational thought,liberated women would thrive and enhance the free-market economy.
3 - J.S.Mill: HUman nature is rational and capable of progressing to higher levels, state should be rpresenative democracy, laissez faire capitalism promotes progress.
4 - John Rawls: humans can be selfish and value individual freedom, veil of ignorance: behind the veil of ignorance we would opt for a much fairer society.
5 - Betty Freidan: culture has evolvedso that human nature is patriarchal, state should intervent to prevent discrimination, society is patriarchal and needs reform.