component 3: regionalism and the eu

Question 1

regionalism and its forms

Answer 1

Regionalism refers to a group of countries in a geographical area who establish agreements and treaties and organisations to pursue shared goals. There are two types: intergovernmentalism: retain national sovereignty, and supranationalism: pooled sovereignty.
- economic regionalism: blocs coordinating greater economic oppurtunities,motivated by trade, reducing tarrifs, leads to more trade and better SOL. e.g. USMCA.
- political regionalism: increase collective voice of member states and weild more influence in international relationse.g. the arab league.
- security regionalism: formed inresponse to threats or security risks e.g. European coal and steel community formed due to threat of soviet union.

Question 2

development of organisations

Answer 2

1 - african union: 55, pop = 1.3bn, GDP: $2.6trn, GDP per capita: 1,900. AIms: achieve greater unity, defend soveriegnty and territorial integrity, accelerate political and eonomic integraition, promote democracy. success: more peacekeeping in africa e.g. somalia 2007-22, but size has led to claims of inaction and declining levels of democracy., e.g. coup in chad 2021
2- Arab league: 22, pop: 460m, GDp:$3.4bn per capita: $6,000. Aims: closer relations of arab coutries, maintain independence of member states, promote cooperation socially economically, ensure peace and security. Success: aab literacy decade 2015-2024 aimed to increase literacy rates, but lack of unity between member states.

Question 3

development of organisations 2

Answer 3

3 - ASEAN: 10, pop: 670m, GDP: $3.9trn, per capita: $5,800. Aims: accelerate eocnomic growth and social progress, promote regional peace and stability. Success: 2022 ASEAN warned against provocation in the taiwan state after heightening conflict. Failures: criticised for actions to military coup in myanmar 2021 offering weak response.
4 - NAFTA now UNMCA: 3, pop: 498m, GDP: $24.2trn, per capita: $50,700. Aims: eliminate trade barriers, fair coperation, increase investment, create effective procedures for trade disputes. Success:successful in automobile industry and resulted in zero tariffs on 75% of cars, but solely focused on economic mater not pusing environmental or labour standards.

Question 5

european union

Answer 5

• was the ECSC in 1951, became EC in 1967. 1986: sngleeuropean act allowing free movement of goods, services, capital and people. 1997:eastward expansion of EU.
  Insitutions:
• The council, intergovernmental, consists of minister form members states, its the decision mking branch.
• European council: intergovernmental: made upof the presients or PM, meet 4 times a year, provides strageic leadership.
• european commission: supranaitonal, heded by 27 commissioners,proposes legislation.
• european parliament, supranational composed of 705 MEPs elected by EU citizens, scrutinising body rather than legislature.
• ECJ: supranational,27 judges, interprets EU law and treaties, takes presidence over national law.
  -ECB: supranational. central bank for europe’s single currency and maintains its purchasing pwoer.