Component 2: Patient Assessment Flashcards

This deck will review history taking, assessment, vital signs, growth/development, anatomical terms.

1
Q

What is the term used when addressing newborns and what is their age grouping?

A

Newborns are commonly called neonates until they’ve aged to one month.

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2
Q

What is the term used when addressing children aging from 1 month to 1 year or 12 months of age?

A

infant(s)

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3
Q

What is the age grouping for toddlers?

A

1 to 3 years of age

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4
Q

What do we call children within the age group of 3 to 6 years?

A

preschool age

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5
Q

The adolescent age group is considered to be from the ages 12 to 18 years. What is the age group preceding adolescents?

A

school-age (6 to 12 years old)

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6
Q

What is the term used when identifying with the age group of 41 to 60?

A

middle adult

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7
Q

At what age group do the individual vital signs start to compare to adults?

A

adolescent(s) (12 to 18 years old)

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8
Q

What age group has basic language skills?

A

3 to 4-year-old

They will be talking and comprehending sentences and structure.

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9
Q

True or false.

School-age children are most susceptible to peer pressure.

A

False

Adolescents are more susceptible, although they may be more susceptible at a younger age depending on the socialization of the child.

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10
Q

True or false.

Adolescents will always provide truthful answers when being interviewed with their parents present.

A

False

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11
Q

Differentiate pre-conventional reasoning, conventional reasoning, and post-conventional reasoning in school-age children.

A
  • Pre-conventional reasoning: the school-age child will act to prevent punishment or receive a reward.
  • Conventional reasoning: the school-age child will look to approval from their peers and surroundings.
  • Post-conventional reasoning: the school-age child will make choices based on their conscience.
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12
Q

In which age group does the psychosocial need to “settle down” set in?

A

early adults (19 to 40 years)

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13
Q

In what age group do the effects of menopause begin?

A

middle adults (41 to 60)

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14
Q

How often should vital signs be assessed for the unstable patient?

A

5 minutes (and document them)

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15
Q

What is the term used for the first set of vital signs assessed?

A

baseline vitals

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16
Q

What are we evaluating after taking multiple sets of vital signs?

A

patient trending

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17
Q

When calculating a patient’s respiratory rate, what should be done?

A. Count the respirations for a minute.

B. Count the respirations for 30 seconds and multiple by two. (RR X 2 = RR per minute)

C. Count the respirations for 15 seconds and multiple by four. (RR X 4 = RR per minute)

D. All of the above.

A

D. All of the above.

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18
Q

List six signs we evaluate when assessing breathing.

A
  1. Presence of breathing
  2. Respiratory rate
  3. Rhythm, regular or irregular
  4. Quality (difficulty/effort)
  5. Depth of breathing
  6. Lung sounds
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19
Q

What is bradypnea in adults?

A

It is a respiratory rate below 12 breaths per minute in adults, often due to neurological issues, medication effects, or metabolic disturbances.

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20
Q

What is the average pulse range for adults?

A

60 to 100 beats per minute

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21
Q

What are the pulse points?

A
  • Carotid
  • Radial
  • Femoral
  • Dorsal pedal/posterior tibial
  • Popliteal
  • Apical
  • Brachial
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22
Q

List palpating pulse characteristics.

A
  • The presence of a pulse
  • Rate (slow, normal, fast)
  • Regularity (regular or irregular)
  • Quality (strong, weak, thready)
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23
Q

Fill in the blank.

Upon auscultating the patient’s lung sounds, you hear a low, course, rattle. This lung sound is known as ___________.

A

rhonchi

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24
Q

Differentiate systolic and diastolic.

A
  • Systolic: the pressure exerted against the vasculature during contraction.
  • Diastolic: the pressure exerted against the vasculature during relaxation.
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25
# Define: blood pressure
It is the presence of **pressure exerted against the vasculature** during cardiac cycles.
26
What is the name for a **blood pressure cuff**?
sphygmomanometer
27
# True or false. An inappropriate-sized, or inaccurately placed blood pressure cuff will cause an inaccurate blood pressure reading.
True
28
What **decisions** should be made **after you have evaluated** the patient's level of consciousness, airway, breathing, circulation, and vital signs?
Stating a **field impression** of the patient and **transport decision**.
29
When providing care for a patient suffering from **multiple systems trauma**, what **type of history** should we attempt to obtain?
**SAMPLE** history
30
What does the acronym **SAMPLE** mean?
**S**igns/symptoms **A**llergies **M**edications **P**ast pertinent medical history **L**ast intake of food/drink. When appropriate, last menstrual cycle **E**vents leading up to the current situation/complaint
31
When performing a **physical assessment**, what does the mnemonic **DCAP - BTLS** mean?
**D**eformity **C**ontusion(s) **A**brasion(s) **P**uncture(s)/penitration(s) **B**urn(s) **T**enderness **L**aceration(s) **S**welling
32
When assessing a **patient's pupils**, what does the mnemonic **PEARRL** mean?
**P**upils **E**qual **A**nd **R**ound **R**egular in size React to **L**ight
33
# Define: Anisocoria
It means **unequal pupils**.
34
**Differentiate** sign(s) and symptom(s).
* **Signs** are something seen (diaphoresis, angulated fractures, etc...) * **Symptoms** are patient complaints ("I have chest pain." "My belly hurts." etc...)
35
What does the mnemonic **AVPU** stand for and when is it used?
**A**lert **V**erbal **P**ain **U**nresponsive/unconscious This is applied when **assessing** the patient's **level of consciousness**. * Patient replies and appears alert. * If not, we attempt a loud verbal stimulus. * If no reply or patient does not awake, we apply a painful stimuli. * If there is still no response, the patient is considered unresponsive/unconscious.
36
List **five** steps included in the **scene size-up**?
1. Determines scene/situation is safe. 2. Determines the mechanism of injury/nature of illness. 3. Determines the number of patients. 4. Requests additional EMS assistance if necessary. 5. Considers stabilization of the cervical spine.
37
What does the letter **"R"** stand for in the **OPQRST** mnemonic?
radiation ## Footnote "Does your pain/discomfort move or go anywhere?"
38
What **question** is frequently asked when assessing the patient's **severity of pain** or **discomfort**?
"On a *scale of 1 to 10*, one being no or very little pain and ten being the worst pain or discomfort you have ever experienced, what number would you **rate** your **pain** at?" | (OPQRST)
39
# True or false. After providing medication or treatment for your patient, it is imperative to reassess.
True
40
# Fill in the blank. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), a score of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or less indicates the patient's body is severely dysfunctional.
8
41
List the **four** common assessments for assessing a patient's **neurovascular system**.
* distal pulse * capillary refill * sensation * motor function
42
# Describe: Subcutaneous Emphysema
It is when **air leaks underneath the skin and upon palpation**, feels like "rice crispies" crackling.
43
# True or false. The patient is complaining of abdominal pain. Upon palpation of the abdomen, we should start over the quadrant that the patient's complaint is in.
False
44
What do the following abbreviations stand for? * LUQ * RUQ * LLQ * RLQ
* LUQ - Left Upper Quadrant * RUQ - Right Upper Quadrant * LLQ - Left Lower Quadrant * RLQ - Right Lower Quadrant
45
List **signs** of dyspnea/difficulty breathing.
* Cyanosis * Tripod position * Accessory muscle use/retractions * Altered mentation * Diaphoresis * Altered respiratory patterns/rate * Decrease tidal volume
46
At what **angle** should the patient be seated when assessing for **jugular venous distention**? | (JVD)
450 (Semi-Fowlers)
47
What is the **term** for the position this body is in?
prone
48
What is the **term** for the position the image of the body is in?
**Left lateral recumbent**, also called the recovery position.
49
What gaseous waste or bi-product is **exhaled** during **expiration**?
carbon dioxide | (CO2)
50
# Define: cyanosis
It is the **bluish-gray skin discoloration** that results from too little oxygen (O2) circulating in the blood. It can be seen on nail beds, circumoral, and the conjunctiva.
51
# Describe: diaphoresis
It is when the patient presents with **excessive sweating**.
52
What is an **injury** called that **prevents a patient from feeling or noticing** any other injuries, possibly ones that are more critical?
distracting injury
53
What is being assessed when we are performing a **focused assessment**?
It is when we focus our attention on the **patient's chief complaint**, single body part, or system.
54
**Differentiate** Hypothermia against Hyperthermia.
* **Hypothermia** occurs when the body is exposed to cold and you **lose more heat than the body can produce**. *Typically a core body temperature below 950 F. (350 C*). * **Hyperthermia** occurs when the body is exposed to heat and starts to **lose its cooling mechanisms**. *Typically a core* *body temperature above 1040F (400C).*
55
# Describe: **Jaundice** and what is the cause?
It is yellow skin and/or **sclera discoloration** caused by **decreased or damaged liver function**.
56
During your **General Impression** of the patient, you note that they are seated in a tripod position and using accessory muscles. What information can you take away from this **patient presentation**?
The patient is having difficulty and/or labored breathing.
57
# Define: palpate
It is to perform a physical **assessment by touch** (hands-on).
58
What do the acronyms **MOI** and **NOI** stand for?
* **MOI**: Mechanism of Injury * **NOI**: Nature of Illness
59
What are **negative findings** that require no interventions or treatment called?
pertinent negatives ## Footnote Example: Asking a patient complaining of chest pain if they are nauseous.
60
What is an **assessment tool** we use to measure the **oxygen (O2) of hemoglobin called**?
pulse oximetry
61
What action is to be done **before** performing a **scene size-up**?
Consider or don the appropriate **Personal Protective Equipment** precautions. | (PPE)
62
# True or false. Performing a physical or secondary assessment on a patient before accessing their airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC's Primary Assessment) is medically acceptable.
False ## Footnote The primary assessment (ABCs) is considered as critical assessment in providing patient care.
63
# True or false. Every trauma patient is a medical patient, and every medical patient is a trauma patient until determined otherwise.
True